Growth and acid production by Lactobacillus (L.) delbrueckii in a dialysis culture system
01 Nov 1970-Biotechnology and Bioengineering (Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company)-Vol. 12, Iss: 6, pp 961-974
TL;DR: It has been shown that lactate inhibits growth after the log phase and that the maintenance of low lactate concentrations after this point permits higher specific growth rates and higher maximum cell concentrations.
Abstract: Growth and lactic acid production by L. delbrueckii was studied in a dialysis culture system and the inhibitory effect of lactate confirmed by removing lactate from the culture medium by dialysis. It has been shown that lactate inhibits growth after the log phase and that the maintenance of low lactate concentrations after this point permits higher specific growth rates and higher maximum cell concentrations. Acid production is also significantly higher in a dialysis culture system. Finally, a modification of the Luedeking‐Piret model, incorporating the lactate inhibition effect, is proposed.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the biosynthesis of ammonium lactate, a product of lactic acid fermentation, from corn and glucose at five different pH values of 5.4 to 7.8.
Abstract: The biosynthesis of ammonium lactate, a product of lactic acid fermentation was studied from corn and glucose at five different pH values of 5.4 to 7.8. In the glucose fermentations, a 100% conversion of substrate was obtained resulting in a maximum lactic acid production yield of 93.2%. The optimum pH for the maximum volumetric rate of lactic acid biosynthesis (1.56 g dm−3 h−1) was between 6.0 and 6.5. The corn fermentations were slower than the glucose fermentations with a resulting lactic acid yield of 67.5%. Hydrolysis of corn by enzymatic or chemical methods as well as the use of ammonium hydroxide for pH control increased both the final concentration and the rates of lactic acid production. An enhanced yield of more than 90% was finally obtained in the corn fermentations. A logistic model adequately described the kinetics of biomass growth, lactic acid production and sugar utilization in the glucose fermentations at different pH values. The dynamics of lactic acid formation in the corn fermentations were also successfully described by the developed model. The dependence of the model parameters on pH was investigated.
194 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that the continuation of fermentation activity was obtained, and the productivity was three times higher than in non-pH-controlled fermentation, on account of alleviating the lactic acid inhibitory effect by electrodialysis fermentation.
Abstract: In lactic acid fermentation by Lactobacillus delbrueckii, the produced lactic acid affected the lactic acid productivity. Therefore, for the purpose of alleviating this inhibitory effect, an electrodialysis fermentation method which can continuously remove produced lactic acid from the fermentation broth was applied to this fermentation process. As a result, the continuation of fermentation activity was obtained, and the productivity was three times higher than in non-pH-controlled fermentation. In electrodialysis fermentation, the amount of produced lactic acid was 82.2 g/liter, which was about 5.5 times greater than that produced in non-pH-controlled fermentation. It was concluded that these good results were obtained on account of alleviating the lactic acid inhibitory effect by electrodialysis fermentation. However, the fouling of anion-exchange membranes by cells was observed in electrodialysis fermentation.
188 citations
Cites background from "Growth and acid production by Lacto..."
...In a more detailed study, Friedman and Gaden (5) reported a kinetic analysis of lactic acid production by dialysis fermentation....
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...In lactic acid fermentation, there is an inhibitory effect caused by the produced lactic acid (5, 14, 15, 18) on the lactic acid productivity of lactic acid fermentation bacteria....
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TL;DR: This review sums up the activity in the field of in situ product removal in whole cell bioprocesses over the last 20 years and emphasizes that the planning of a successful whole cell ISPR process should not only consider the choice of ISPR technique according to the physicochemical properties of the product, but also the potential configuration of the whole process set-up.
Abstract: This review sums up the activity in the field of in situ product removal in whole cell bioprocesses over the last 20 years. It gives a complete summary of ISPR operations with microbial cells and cites a series of interesting ISPR applications in plant and animal cell technology. All the ISPR projects with microbial cells are categorized according to their products, their ISPR techniques, and their applied configurations of the ISPR set-up. Research on ISPR application has primarily increased in the field of microbial production of aromas and organic acids such lactic acid over the last ten years. Apart from the field of de novo formation of bioproducts, ISPR is increasingly applied to microbial bioconversion processes. However, despite of the large number of microbial whole cell ISPR projects (approximately 250), very few processes have been transferred to an industrial scale. The proposed processes have mostly been too complex and consequently not cost effective. Therefore, this review emphasizes that the planning of a successful whole cell ISPR process should not only consider the choice of ISPR technique according to the physicochemical properties of the product, but also the potential configuration of the whole process set-up. Furthermore, additional process aspects, biological and legal constraint need to be considered from the very beginning for the design of an ISPR project. Finally, future trends of new, modified or improved ISPR techniques are given.
186 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the chemical and physical properties of lactic acid followed by its commercial uses and various types of process controls are also summarized, including precipitation and acidification, centrifugation and microfiltration/ultrfiltration, distillation, ion exchange and adsorption, reverse osmosis, and solvent extraction and extractive fermentation.
Abstract: Publisher Summary The chapter focuses on the production of lactic acid by microbiological processes. It discusses the chemical and physical properties of the acid followed by its commercial uses. Lactic acid, 2-hydroxypropanoic acid or α-hydroxypropanoic acid, is served as a food preservative in fermented milks, fruits, vegetables, meats, and breads. Various carbohydrate raw materials are used for lactic acid production by bacteria and molds such as refined carbohydrate raw materials; glucose, sucrose, and starch; complex carbohydrates—cellulose, cereal grains, corn, Jerusalem artichokes, and potatoes; and waste materials—cheese whey and permeate, municipal solid waste, and wood molasses. Factors affecting lactic acid concentrations, productivities, and yields include types of process (batch, fed-batch, or continuous), microorganism, strain, inoculum size and nutritional state, temperature, pH, substrate concentration and pretreatment, the presence of competing contaminants in non sterile systems, the presence of bacteriophages, and inhibition by lactic acid with increasing concentrations and by toxic products from substrate pretreatment such as furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural. The chapter also discusses various methods of product recovery and purification namely precipitation and acidification, centrifugation and microfiltration/ultrfiltration, distillation, ion exchange and adsorption, reverse osmosis, and solvent extraction and extractive fermentation. Various types of process controls are also summarized.
178 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Lactobacillus delbrueckii DSM 20072 (ATCC 9649) (LD), L(+)-lactic acid was produced by Lactibacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus DSM 20021(ATCC 7469) (LC) and Lactebacillus salivarius DSM 20492 (AT CC 11742) (LS) on MRS medium and glucose substrate homofermentatively in batch cultures.
117 citations
References
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TL;DR: A microscopic count was used in order to avoid as far as possible the error introduced into the plate method by the tendency of the lactic streptococci to grow in pairs and chains.
Abstract: In the normal course of the lactic fermentation the bacterial growth passes through four stages: the lag period, the period of rapid or logarithmic growth, the period in which there is little or no increase in numbers, and the final period in which fermentatior ceasesand the cells slowly die. Ti-a-dianges from the first to the second and from the second to tL... ird period are comparatively rapid and are accompanied by mo )hological and physiological changes in the cells. The transit n from the third to the fourth period is gradual. In the third period the cells may be in a quiescent condition ina which there is little or no multiplication, or the multiplication and death rate may be so nearly balanced that the number counted remains constant. Counts made by the plate method would be likely to give the impression that the latter is the case since only the living cells are counted. If direct microscopic counts are made and the population remains constant it must be assumed either that the --cells are quiescent or that they lose their ability to take stain very soon after death. In our work on this problem we used a microscopic count in order to avoid as far as possible the error introduced into the plate method by the tendency of the lactic streptococci to grow in pairs and chains. The very large numbers of cells with which it was necessary to work militated against accurate counts, and it was difficult to obtain a series of counts which would give a reasonably smooth curve. However, the constancy with which uniform counts were repeatedly secured under similar conditions indicated that 211
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TL;DR: Cell-mass production of Serratia marcescens was studied in dialysis systems in which growth was managed in a fermentor remote from, but connected by conduits and pumps with, a nutrient reservoir, believed to be adaptable to any desired scale of size.
Abstract: Cell-mass production of Serratia marcescens was studied in dialysis systems in which growth was managed in a fermentor remote from, but connected by conduits and pumps with, a nutrient reservoir. Dialysis was accomplished with membrane tubing in either the fermentor or the reservoir, or best with membrane sheet in a plate-and-frame dialyzer that was remote from but connected with both vessels. Growth trials with these systems demonstrated their ability to produce virtually unlimited population density in a liquid culture, viable counts in excess of 1012 cells/ml and partial cell volume of 50% being attained. The system used for growth also may be used, after the growth cycle, to concentrate cells still further by osmotic dehydration with a hydrophilic colloid. The dialyzer-dialysis system that was evolved permits independent control of the component operations and is believed to be adaptable to any desired scale of size.
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TL;DR: The work reported here presents the results of an investigation into the replacement of lactose by glucose or by sucrose in a corn steep liquor medium for the production of penicillin.
Abstract: The work reported here presents the results of an investigation into the replacement of lactose by glucose or by sucrose in a corn steep liquor medium for the production of penicillin. Previous work has established (Johnson, 1946) that glucose and sucrose are metabolized by Penicillium chrysogenum at a more rapid rate than is lactose. Also, it has been shown that a maximum rate of penicillin production is obtained under fermentation conditions which support a slow rate of growth, such as those of the conventional lactose fermentation. In order to approximate those conditions when glucose or sucrose was used as a carbohydrate source, these sugars were fed at rates chosen so as to restrict their utilization. The optimum feed rate of each sugar for penicillin production was then determined. This work was done exclusively in 30-liter stirred and aerated stainless steel fermentors. Work of a similar nature employing a synthetic medium has been repoxted elsewhere (Hosler and Johnson, 1953).
26 citations