Growth and metabolism of germinating rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds as influenced by toxic concentrations of lead
TL;DR: It was apparent that reduced growth was associated with increased enzyme activity, probably due to an enhanced protein synthesis, and the activity of catalase, peroxidase, IAA oxidase, and ascorbic acid oxidase incresed in response to lead addition.
About: This article is published in Zeitschrift für Pflanzenphysiologie.The article was published on 1977-01-01. It has received 44 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Ascorbic acid & Lead acetate.
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TL;DR: In this article, the effect of lead on germination, growth, chlorophyll a, b, and total chilophyll contents in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) cv. Priya was studied in a hydroponic system using Shive and Robbins Medium incorporating 2, 4, 6, 10, 14, 20, 30 and 40 ppm lead.
Abstract: Effect of lead on germination, growth, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll contents in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) cv. Priya was studied in a hydroponic system using Shive and Robbins Medium incorporating 2, 4, 6, 10, 14, 20, 30 and 40 ppm lead. Due to lead toxicity, reduction in seed germination from 47 to 90%, shoot growth from 29 to 52%, root growth from 13 to 59%, leaf area from 22 to 69% and chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll contents from 16 to 57% were recorded. Morphologically, all the treatments above 14 ppm showed stunted growth, chlorosis and reduction in leaf area. It is suggested that chlorophyll content can be adopted as a very useful in vivo indicator of heavy metal toxicity for calculating the upper critical tissue concentrations.
3 citations
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TL;DR: The key goal of this research is the identification and analysis of accumulations of metal ions during their imbibition in seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris and Zea mays and it is concluded that the concentration of heavy metals does not impact significantly the absorption capacity of both the polluted and unpolluted Z. mays seeds.
Abstract: The key goal of our research is the identification and analysis of accumulations of metal ions (Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe) during their imbibition in seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris and Zea mays. We take as samples seeds collected from one metalliferrous and respectively from one non-metalliferrous area in Maramures County (North-West of Romania). We will refer following to an area as being “metalliferrous” because of its known high degree of pollution with metallic components, and to the other area as “non-metalliferous” because of being generally known as very much less exposed to pollution in general. We will subsequently name as being “polluted” the seeds originated in the metalliferous area, and respectively as “unpolluted” the seeds originated in the other area. We have thoroughly investigated in quantitative terms the existence of accumulations of each of the metal ions mentioned above during imbibition at three different levels of concentration. The seeds grown in the non-metalliferous area generally display a higher degree of absorption for each of the metal ions than the seeds grown in the metalliferous area. On the other hand, we have concluded that the concentration of heavy metals does not impact significantly the absorption capacity of both the polluted and unpolluted Z. mays seeds. The P. vulgaris seeds behaved differently, namely the content of metal ions absorbed went proportionally up, as the concentration of the initial solution went higher.
1 citations
Cites background from "Growth and metabolism of germinatin..."
...There are reports on the inhibitory effect of lead on the germination of seeds of the Lupinus luteus [25], Oryza sativa [15] and Sinapis alba [7] species....
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01 Jan 2023
TL;DR: In this article , a review of current knowledge on the function of auxin in redirecting growth induced by abiotic stress in order to deduce their potential points of understanding is presented.
Abstract: The phytohormone auxin is critical for plant growth and orchestrates many developmental processes. Though many natural and synthetic compounds exhibit auxin-like activity in bioassays, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is recognized as the key auxin in most plants. IAA is synthesized both from tryptophan (Trp) using Trp-dependent pathways and from an indolic Trp precursor via Trp-independent pathways; none of these pathways is fully elucidated. Plants can also obtain IAA by β-oxidation of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), a second endogenous auxin, or by hydrolyzing IAA conjugates, in which IAA is linked to amino acids, sugars, or peptides. Consistent with its definition as a hormone, IAA can be transported the length of the plant from the shoot to the root; this transport is necessary for normal development, and more localized transport is needed for tropic responses. Auxin signaling is mediated, at least in large part, by a SCFTIR1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that accelerates Aux/IAA repressor degradation in response to IAA, thereby altering gene expression. Auxin interaction with other hormone signals adds further challenges to understanding auxin response. Plant growth and development are critically influenced by unpredictable abiotic factors. To survive fluctuating changes in their environments, plants have had to develop robust adaptive mechanisms. The dynamic and complementary actions of the auxin pathways regulate a plethora of developmental processes, and their ability to crosstalk makes them ideal candidates for mediating stress-adaptation responses. Auxin signaling pathways have been studied extensively. Nevertheless, we have little understanding about the impact on plant stress tolerance of this hormone. Here, we review current knowledge on the function of auxin in redirecting growth induced by abiotic stress in order to deduce their potential points of understanding.
12 Aug 1990
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TL;DR: Procedures are described for measuring protein in solution or after precipitation with acids or other agents, and for the determination of as little as 0.2 gamma of protein.
289,852 citations
TL;DR: During a study of the inactivation of IAA in aqueous solutions, it was frequently necessary to assay at one time many samples where the IAA concentrations were low, or where the degree of significance of small differences in concentrations between experimental unite required evaluation, so it was desirable to re-examine the ferric chloride-sulphuric acid procedure.
Abstract: The wide use of the auxin, indoleacetic acid, in physiological and biochemical experiments has promoted interest in methods for its colorimetrie estimation. Mitchell and Brunstetteb (1) have proposed both the nitrite and the ferric chloride-sulphuric acid tests for the quantitative estimation of indoleacetic acid (IAA) in aqueous solutions, basing their suggested procedures upon a study of optimal reaction conditions for these two reagents. According to them, the nitrite method is sensitive to 10 /tig. IAA/ml. and develops a red color that is stable after two hours. In several attempts to duplicate their nitrite method using solutions of IAA varying from 20 to 45 /tg./ml., we could not obtain a stable red color with IAA at the two hours proposed, or at any other time. A faint pink develops almost immediately which rapidly fades to orange or yellow, depending on IAA concentrations, within i hour. If the concentration of nitrite is reduced, the red color becomes sufficiently persistent to be read. Indole likewise gives a strong, relatively stable, red color in this test (cf. table II)?a reaction which is sometimes used as a qualitative test for indole (Nitroso-Indole reaction). Tang and Bonner (2) have modified the ferric chloride-sulphuric acid method for IAA, combining the iron and sulphuric acid as a single reagent to yield improved sensitivity. However, the color produced is also unstable, rapidly developing and then fading. We have found, as have these workers, that the fading color can be practically dealt with by adopting a standard time between addition of reagent and reading of absorbancy or transmittance. Both of the methods discussed above possess disadvantages, lacking either specificity, sensitivity, or stability of color complex formed. During a study of the inactivation of IAA in aqueous solutions, it was frequently necessary to assay at one time many samples where the IAA concentrations were low, or where the degree of significance of small differences in concentrations between experimental unite required evaluation. Hence, we considered it desirable 'to re-examine the ferric chloride-sulphuric acid procedure. Several alterations have been made which produce a more stable color, of increased specificity, which changes in density more rapidly with variation in IAA concentration. 1. The procedure of Tang and Bonner can be improved somewhat by reading at 15 minutes after addition of reagent (instead of 30 minutes as they suggest), since the transient color reaches a maximum at the former time. Maximum absorption was found to occur at 530 ???.
1,988 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that on similar waste tips in Scotland, A. tenuis is replaced by Festuca ovina and Deschampsia flexuosa, and a method has been worked out for the measurement of lead tolerance in F. ovina from soils of different lead contents.
Abstract: BRADSHAW reported1 that root growth was inhibited when plants of Agrostis tenuis were grown in soil from the tip of an old Welsh lead mine, while plants originally growing on the tip produced normal roots. This suggested that some plants of A. tenuis were inherently more tolerant of the lead and zinc in the soil than others. On similar waste tips in Scotland, A. tenuis is replaced by Festuca ovina and Deschampsia flexuosa, and a method has been worked out for the measurement of lead tolerance in F. ovina from soils of different lead contents.
306 citations
247 citations
217 citations