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Journal ArticleDOI

Growth of fungi and bacteria in the reciprocating jet bioreactor

01 Jan 1990-Bioprocess Engineering (Springer)-Vol. 6, Iss: 1, pp 1-15
TL;DR: The reciprocating-jet-bioreactor showed excellent properties as fermenter, especially when the biosuspension is highly viscous and non-Newtonian by nature.
Abstract: In a comprehensive study the properties of the reciprocating-jet-bioreactor have been investigated. Fermentations have been carried out with two fungi and one bacterium. The fungi were Cyathus striatus for the production of antibiotics and Aspergillus niger for the production of citric acid. The bacterium Zymomonas mobilis was used in an anaerobic fermentation for the production of ethanol. The reciprocating-jet-bioreactor showed excellent properties as fermenter, especially when the biosuspension is highly viscous and non-Newtonian by nature.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The influence of the chemical and physical environment on culture morphology, the process engineering challenges presented by different fungal morphologies, and the relationship between fungal morphology and metabolite production are all discussed.
Abstract: Filamentous fungi are important organisms industrially and continue to attract research interest as microbiologists attempt to overcome the problems associated with their behavior in submerged culture. This review critically examines the literature describing these problems and where available suggests possible solutions to them. The influence of the chemical and physical environment on culture morphology, the process engineering challenges presented by different fungal morphologies, and the relationship between fungal morphology and metabolite production are all discussed.

291 citations


Cites background from "Growth of fungi and bacteria in the..."

  • ...Both A. niger and Cyathus striatus grew and produced metabolites (citric acid and striatine, respectively) in the reciprocating jet system, with C. striatus producing more biomass than in a stirred tank under comparable conditions (Brauer, 1991)....

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  • ...striatus producing more biomass than in a stirred tank under comparable conditions (Brauer, 1991)....

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  • ...This reactor contains a package of sieve plates that are moved in a reciprocating motion, forcing fluid through perforations in the plates, thus inducing mixing and mass transfer (Brauer, 1991)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The application of a pulsing flow to fluidized-bed bioreactors in order to control pellet morphology of filamentous fungi allowed two effects: a narrower pellet size distribution which improves fluidization quality, and an enhanced production of citric acid by Aspergillus niger and manganese peroxidase by Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

62 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The performance studies reveal that the pulsed plate bioreactor with immobilized cells has the potential to be an efficientBiodegradation of phenol in a synthetic wastewater containing 500ppm phenol and biofilm density was found to be influenced by pulsation.

47 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the power consumption, gas holdup and oxygen mass transfer in agitated gas-liquid columns have been studied for an air-water system, and a linear fit of the correlation of power consumption obtained for all mixing devices plotted against the reciprocating frequency or speed of rotation to the third power has been obtained.
Abstract: Power consumption, gas holdup and oxygen mass transfer in agitated gas-liquid columns have been studied for an air-water system. Measurements have been carried out in a reciprocating plate reactor using five different types of perforated plates and in a stirred tank reactor with one, two and three Rushton turbines, a helical ribbon impeller with and without surface baffles. Each mixing vessel had an identical geometry with a working volume of 17 L. For reciprocating plate stacks, the gas holdup is a complex function of the perforation diameter, the frequency of agitation and the gas superficial velocity. For radial-type mixing devices, the gas holdup increases more rapidly with the speed of rotation for the helical ribbon. The power imparted to the fluid by the mixing device is independent of the gas superficial velocity for the plate stacks and the helical ribbon impeller for a given frequency or speed of agitation whereas it decreases for Rushton turbines. The correlation of the power consumption obtained for all mixing devices plotted against the reciprocating frequency or speed of rotation to the third power shows a linear fit. KLa values were correlated very well with the power input per unit volume and superficial gas velocity for all mixing devices. At lower power input per unit volume, KLa is a function of only the gas superficial velocity. At higher input power per unit volume, KLa increases rapidly with an increase in the intensity of agitation. Reciprocating plates with larger diameter perforations led to higher KLa values whereas the lowest KLa were obtained with the helical ribbon impeller. Correlations for one and three Rushton impeller assemblies were almost identical whereas measured KLa were much higher for the two-impeller assembly due to the presence of a highly mixed zone in the vicinity of the dissolved oxygen probe. La puissance consommee, la retention de gaz et le transfert d'oxygene dans une colonne agitee aeree ont ete etudies pour un systeme air-eau. Les mesures ont ete realisees dans un reacteur a plateaux a mouvement alternatif munis de cinq differents systemes de plateaux perfores. Pour le reacteur agite aere, ce sont des combinaisons de une, deux ou trois turbines Rushton ou d'un ruban helicoidal avec ou sans chicanes de surfaces qui ont ete evaluees. Les deux reacteurs ont une geometrie identique et un volume utile de 17 L. Pour les systemes de plateaux, la retention de gaz est une fonction complexe du diametre des perforations, de la frequence d'agitation et de la vitesse superficielle du gaz. Pour les systemes d'agitation de type radial, la retention de gaz augmente plus rapidement avec la vitesse de rotation pour le ruban helicoidal. La puissance fournie au fluide par le systeme d'agitation est independante de la vitesses superficielle de gaz pour les plateaux perfores et le ruban helicoidal pour une frequence ou une vitesse d'agitation donnee, tandis qu'elle diminue pour les turbines Rushton. La correlation de la puissance consommee obtenue pour tous les systemes d'agitation en fonction de la frequence d'agitation ou de la vitesse de rotation a la puissance trois est une regression lineaire. Les valeurs de KLa experimentales ont ete mises sous forme de correlations avec succes en fonction de la puissance par unite de volume et de la vitesse superficielle de gaz pour tous les systemes d'agitation. A faible puissance par unite de volume, le KLa est fonction uniquement de la vitesse superficielle de gaz pour tous les systemes d'agitaiton. A puissance par unite de volume eleve, le KLa augmente rapidement avec une augmentation de l'intensite d'agitation. Les plateaux avec un plus grand diametre de perforation entraǐnent des valeurs de KLa plus elevees tandis que les plus faibles KLa sont obtenus avec le ruban helicoidal. Les correlations obtenues pour les dispositifs utilisant une ou trois turbines Rushton sont presque identiques tandis que les valeurs de KLa obtenues a l'aide du dispositif muni de deux turbines Rushton sont plus elevees due a la presence d'une zone fortement agitee a proximite de la sonde d'oxygene dissous.

47 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work shows how the control of fungal growth on the surface of a biofilm by means of a pulsing flow can enhance the efficiency and stability of processes with different objectives, i.e., the production of a ligninolytic enzyme, the decolourisation of synthetic dyes and the detoxification of coloured effluents.
Abstract: The growth mechanisms of filamentous fungi in liquid cultures ranges from dispersed mycelia to compact pellets The excessive growth of mycelia gives rise to practical and technical difficulties in culturing fungi and consequently the possibility to control and regulate hyphal extension and pellet size is of great importance for their potential application in continuous operation Here we show how the control of fungal growth on the surface of a biofilm by means of a pulsing flow can enhance the efficiency and stability of processes with different objectives, ie, the production of a ligninolytic enzyme, the decolourisation of synthetic dyes and the detoxification of coloured effluents

45 citations


Cites background from "Growth of fungi and bacteria in the..."

  • ...Reciprocating jet bioreactors and pulsing bioreactors are two examples of these kinds of bioreactors (Brauer 1991; Lema et al. 2001)....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Biochimie generale et metabolisme, ecologie et morphologie, aspects cinetiques, d'affaires d'informatique, droit de cyborgie, physique, etc.

66 citations


"Growth of fungi and bacteria in the..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Lately an anaerobic process with the bacterium Zymomonas mobilis has attracted interest [ 12-14 ]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: From mycelial cultures and fruiting bodies of Higher Fungi several metabolites with antibiotic and cyto= toxic activity have been isolated, including the chemistry of sesquiter= pene antibiotics, striatals, strobilurins and hemiterpenoids.
Abstract: From mycelial cultures and fruiting bodies of Higher Fungi several metabolites with antibiotic and cyto= toxic activity have been isolated. Some recent progress in this field is discussed including the chemistry of sesquiter= pene antibiotics, striatals, strobilurins and hemiterpenoids. Myxomycetes appear to be a source of unusual pigments which often exhibit antibiotic properties. Fruiting bodies of Higher Fungi show many different colours, colour reactions, odors and tastes which are useful characters for their identification. The chemistry behind these phenomena opens a wide field of research, and in recent years several new types of pigments, terpenes, amino acids, alkaloids and polysaccharides have been isolated from mushrooms and toadstools. The screening of mycelial cultures from Basidiomycetes for antibiotics has led to the discovery of pleuromutilin (!) (Ref. 1) from which tiamulin (2) has been prepared, an antibiotic used in veterinary medicine for treatment of infections caused by gram-positive bacteria and mycoplasmas (Ref. 2). Diketo= coriolin B (3), an oxidation product of coriolin B from Coriolus consors, has received great attention recently because of its ability to increase the number of antibody-forming cells at very low concentrations (Ref. 3). H2)5CH3 1) R COCH2OH R= COCH2SCH2CH2N[-t2 During a systematic screening carried out by Dr. T. Anke and coworkers at Tubingen, three new antibiotics have been isolated from cultures of Pleurotellus hypnophilus which are closely related to the coriolins (Ref. 4). Pleurotellol (4) and pleurotellic acid (5) possess a rearranged hirsutane skeleton. The location of the hydroxy group in the third compound, hypnophilin (6), points to its possible role as precursor in the biosynthesis of the rearranged compounds. All three metabolites inhibit the growth of several bacteria, 4 and 6 show pronounced cytotoxic activity.

54 citations


"Growth of fungi and bacteria in the..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The fungi Cyathus striatus, which belongs to the class of Basidiomycetes, is known for its capability of producing the antibiotica striatins A, B and C [ 8-10 ]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Three crystalline antibiotics which were isolated from the mycelium of the basidiomycete Cyathus striatus strain No. 12 are highly active against fungi imperfecti and a variety of Gram-positive bacteria, as well as against some Gram-negative bacteria.
Abstract: Three crystalline antibiotics which we named striatins A, B, and C were isolated from the mycelium of the basidiomycete Cyathus striatus strain No. 12. The striatins are highly active against fungi imperfecti and a variety of Gram-positive bacteria, as well as against some Gram-negative bacteria. The molecular formulas as determined by mass spectrometry are C27H36O7 for striatin A, C27H36O8 for striatin B, and C25H34O7 for striatin C.

50 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Investigations of the spectrum of lipids present have shown that the bacterium Zymomonas mobilis contains large quantities of hopanoids which are presumably of significance for the stabilization of cell membranes in the presence of ethanol.
Abstract: Ethanol production with bacteria. Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have mostly been used for the production of ethanol from sugar by yeasts. Recently it was shown that the bacterium Zymomonas mobilis has some advantages compared to yeast for the production of industrial alcohol. Compared to traditional yeast fermentation, ethanol yield is about 5% higher than with yeast, since less sugar is incorporated into cell material by this bacterium. Like yeast, Zymomonas mobilis has remarkably high ethanol tolerance which enables the bacterium to produce ethanol concentrations of more than 13 vol.-% from sugar solutions of appropriate concentration. Investigations of the spectrum of lipids present have shown that this bacterium contains large quantities of hopanoids which are presumably of significance for the stabilization of cell membranes in the presence of ethanol. Since the cost of the sugar greatly influences the profitability fraction formed in the production of glucose syrup from wheat flour was investigated. It was shown that after enzymatic saccharification of this waste starch the glucose was efficiently fermented to ethanol by Zymomonas mobilis. It is planned to broaden the substrate spectrum of Zymomonas mobilis by gene cloning techniques so that in future pentoses, e. g. xylose or arabinose, can also be fermented to ethanol by this organism.

8 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the unknown 3-methyl-4-phenylsulfonylbutanoic acid (4) is synthesized by standard procedures and resolved into its enantiomers by alternating treatment with l- and d-ephedrine.

6 citations