Guest Editorial: Introduction to IT Enabled Services
TL;DR: Emerging services, enabled by the power of information technology, are now offering hitherto unknown facilities in the field of health-care, governance, education, finance and commerce, communication, entertainment and culture.
Abstract: Information Technology is the umbrella term that encompasses the entire field of information processing, information storage and information dissemination using computer and communication technology. Due to the rapid expansion of information infrastructure, the interdependent capacities for digital communication and computational power, every aspect of our life is being transformed by information technology. Emerging services, enabled by the power of information technology, are now offering hitherto unknown facilities in the field of health-care, governance, education, finance and commerce, communication, entertainment and culture.
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TL;DR: This work presents a high-level overview of the MPEG-7 standard, discussing the scope, basic terminology, and potential applications, and compares the relationship with other standards to highlight its capabilities.
Abstract: MPEG-7, formally known as the Multimedia Content Description Interface, includes standardized tools (descriptors, description schemes, and language) enabling structural, detailed descriptions of audio-visual information at different granularity levels (region, image, video segment, collection) and in different areas (content description, management, organization, navigation, and user interaction). It aims to support and facilitate a wide range of applications, such as media portals, content broadcasting, and ubiquitous multimedia. We present a high-level overview of the MPEG-7 standard. We first discuss the scope, basic terminology, and potential applications. Next, we discuss the constituent components. Then, we compare the relationship with other standards to highlight its capabilities.
734 citations
IBM1
TL;DR: This work presents a system that adapts multimedia Web documents to optimally match the capabilities of the client device requesting it using a representation scheme called the InfoPyramid that provides a multimodal, multiresolution representation hierarchy for multimedia.
Abstract: Content delivery over the Internet needs to address both the multimedia nature of the content and the capabilities of the diverse client platforms the content is being delivered to. We present a system that adapts multimedia Web documents to optimally match the capabilities of the client device requesting it. This system has two key components. 1) A representation scheme called the InfoPyramid that provides a multimodal, multiresolution representation hierarchy for multimedia. 2) A customizer that selects the best content representation to meet the client capabilities while delivering the most value. We model the selection process as a resource allocation problem in a generalized rate distortion framework. In this framework, we address the issue of both multiple media types in a Web document and multiple resource types at the client. We extend this framework to allow prioritization on the content items in a Web document. We illustrate our content adaptation technique with a web server that adapts multimedia news stories to clients as diverse as workstations, PDA's and cellular phones.
652 citations
TL;DR: Carnegie Mellon's Informedia Digital Video Library project will establish a large, on-line digital video library featuring full-content and knowledge-based search and retrieval, and focused the work on two corpuses.
Abstract: Carnegie Mellon's Informedia Digital Video Library project will establish a large, on-line digital video library featuring full-content and knowledge-based search and retrieval. Intelligent, automatic mechanisms will be developed to populate the library. Search and retrieval from digital video, audio, and text libraries will take place via desktop computer over local, metropolitan, and wide-area networks. The project's approach applies several techniques for content-based searching and video-sequence retrieval. Content is conveyed in both the narrative (speech and language) and the image. Only by the collaborative interaction of image, speech, and natural language understanding technology is it possible to successfully populate, segment, index, and search diverse video collections with satisfactory recall and precision. This collaborative interaction approach uniquely compensates for problems of interpretation and search in error-ridden and ambiguous data sets. The authors have focused the work on two corpuses. One is science documentaries and lectures, the other is broadcast news content with partial closed-captions. Further work will continue to improve the accuracy and performance of the underlying processing as well as explore performance issues related to Web-based access and interoperability with other digital video resources.
439 citations
TL;DR: The authors provide a mobile commerce framework to illustrate potential applications such as mobile inventory management, product location and search, proactive service management, and mobile entertainment and describe the wireless user and networking infrastructure, emerging W3C standards, and the open and global WAP specification.
Abstract: Electronic commerce continues to see phenomenal growth, but so far most e-commerce development involves wired infrastructures. The authors believe emerging wireless and mobile networks will provide new avenues for growth, creating new opportunities in mobile commerce. According to the GartnerGroup, a market research firm, by 2004 at least 40 percent of consumer-to-business e-commerce will come from smart phones using the wireless application protocol (WAP). Based on a study by the Wireless Data and Computing Service, a division of Strategy Analytics, the annual mobile commerce market may rise to $200 billion by 2004. The authors provide a mobile commerce framework to illustrate potential applications such as mobile inventory management, product location and search, proactive service management, and mobile entertainment. They also describe the wireless user and networking infrastructure, emerging W3C standards, and the open and global WAP specification.
220 citations
TL;DR: Popular B2B frameworks that attempt to address such issues as interoperability and security between enterprises transacting business over the Internet are analyzed and compared.
Abstract: Electronic commerce lets people purchase goods and exchange information on business transactions online. Although the Internet's role as a business channel is a fairly recent phenomenon, its impact, financial and otherwise, has been substantially greater than that of other business channels which have been in existence for several decades. The authors believe that e-commerce gives companies improved efficiency and reliability of business processes through transaction automation. There are two major types of e-commerce: business to consumer (B2C), in which consumers purchase products and services from businesses, and business to business (B2B), in which businesses buy and sell among themselves. B2B transactions are a growing segment of the e-commerce market. This article analyzes and compares popular B2B frameworks that attempt to address such issues as interoperability and security between enterprises transacting business over the Internet.
164 citations