Guided-wave and leakage characteristics of substrate integrated waveguide
17 Jan 2005-Vol. 53, Iss: 1, pp 66-73
TL;DR: In this article, a numerical multimode calibration procedure is proposed and developed with a commercial software package on the basis of a full-wave finite-element method for the accurate extraction of complex propagation constants of the SIW structure.
Abstract: The substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technique makes it possible that a complete circuit including planar circuitry, transitions, and rectangular waveguides are fabricated in planar form using a standard printed circuit board or other planar processing techniques. In this paper, guided wave and modes characteristics of such an SIW periodic structure are studied in detail for the first time. A numerical multimode calibration procedure is proposed and developed with a commercial software package on the basis of a full-wave finite-element method for the accurate extraction of complex propagation constants of the SIW structure. Two different lengths of the SIW are numerically simulated under multimode excitation. By means of our proposed technique, the complex propagation constant of each SIW mode can accurately be extracted and the electromagnetic bandstop phenomena of periodic structures are also investigated. Experiments are made to validate our proposed technique. Simple design rules are provided and discussed.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview of the recent advances in the modelling, design and technological implementation of SIW structures and components, as well as their application in the development of circuits and components operating in the microwave and millimetre wave region.
Abstract: Substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology represents an emerging and very promising candidate for the development of circuits and components operating in the microwave and millimetre-wave region. SIW structures are generally fabricated by using two rows of conducting cylinders or slots embedded in a dielectric substrate that connects two parallel metal plates, and permit the implementation of classical rectangular waveguide components in planar form, along with printed circuitry, active devices and antennas. This study aims to provide an overview of the recent advances in the modelling, design and technological implementation of SIW structures and components.
1,129 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new method of analysis is presented for the determination of complex propagation constants in substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs) by making use of the concept of surface impedance to model the rows of conducting cylinders, and the proposed model is then solved by combining a method of moments and a transverse resonance procedure.
Abstract: A new method of analysis is presented in this paper for the determination of complex propagation constants in substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs) This method makes use of the concept of surface impedance to model the rows of conducting cylinders, and the proposed model is then solved by combining a method of moments and a transverse resonance procedure The proposed method is further applied to extract results in terms of parametric curves and graphs which demonstrate fundamental and interesting wave guidance and leakage properties of this type of periodic waveguide Useful design rules are extracted from this analysis, suggesting that appropriate design parameters and regions should be carefully selected for practical applications In addition, comprehensive review and comparisons with published results are also presented to show the performance and accuracy of the proposed modeling technique Practical measurements of fabricated samples with different levels of loss have confirmed the accuracy of this new method and validity of design rules
765 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a uniform slotted SIW leaky-wave antenna is designed that has good beam scanning from near broadside (though not exactly at broadside) to forward endfire.
Abstract: A novel slotted substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) leaky-wave antenna is proposed. This antenna works in the TE10 mode of the SIW. Leakage is obtained by introducing a periodic set of transverse slots on the top of the SIW, which interrupt the current flow on the top wall. It is seen that three modes (a leaky mode, a proper waveguide mode, and a surface-wave-like mode) can all propagate on this structure. The wavenumbers of the modes are calculated theoretically and are numerically evaluated by HFSS simulation. The leakage loss, dielectric loss, and conductor loss are also analyzed. A uniform slotted SIW leaky-wave antenna is designed that has good beam scanning from near broadside (though not exactly at broadside) to forward endfire. This type of SIW leaky-wave antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth and a narrow beam that scans with frequency. Measured results are consistent with the simulation and the theoretical analysis.
405 citations
Cites background or methods from "Guided-wave and leakage characteris..."
...The SIW can be taken as a conventional dielectric-filled rectangular waveguide with an effective width [8]....
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...The effective width can be approximately calculated from empirical formulas [5], [7], [8] and can also be accurately calculated from HFSS [6] and other numerical calculations [9]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a low profile cavity backed planar slot antenna has been described, which is completely constructed at a single substrate by using substrate integrated waveguide technique and grounded coplanar waveguide.
Abstract: A novel design method of low profile cavity backed planar slot antenna has been described in this paper. The whole antenna including backed cavity and feeding element is completely constructed at a single substrate by using substrate integrated waveguide technique and grounded coplanar waveguide. An example with 1.7% bandwidth has been presented, which has 5.4 dBi gain, 16.1 dB front-to-back ratio and -19 dB maximum cross polarized radiation level with its total thickness less than lambda0/50. The proposed antenna keeps good radiation performance of conventional cavity backed antenna and has advantages of conventional planar antenna including low profile, light weight, easy fabrication with low cost and convenient integration with planar circuit.
402 citations
Cites background or methods from "Guided-wave and leakage characteris..."
...In order to make the SIW cavity be equivalent to conventional metallic cavity, the conditions of and must be satisfied, where denote free space wavelength [7]–[9]....
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...SIW technique is firstly proposed by Wu [7], [8], which is similar to early presented “laminated waveguide” [9] and “post-wall waveguide” [10]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the propagation properties of the halfmode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) were studied theoretically and experimentally in the frequency range of 20-60 GHz.
Abstract: The propagation properties of the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) are studied theoretically and experimentally in this paper. Two equivalent models of the HMSIW are introduced. With the first model, equations are derived to approximate the field distribution inside and outside the HMSIW. Using the second model, an approximate closed-form expression is deduced for calculating the equivalent width of an HMSIW that takes into account the effect of the fringing fields. The obtained design formulas are validated by simulations and experiments. Furthermore, the attenuation characteristics of the HMSIW are studied using the multiline method in the frequency range of 20-60 GHz. A numerical investigation is carried out to distinguish between the contributions of the conductive, dielectric, and radiation losses. As a validation, the measured attenuation constant of a fabricated HMSIW prototype is presented and compared with that of a microstrip (MS) line and a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). The SIW is designed with the same cutoff frequency and fabricated on the same substrate as the HMSIW. The experimental results show that the HMSIW can be less lossy than the MS line and the SIW at frequencies above 40 GHz.
342 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, a planar platform is developed in which the microstrip line and rectangular waveguide are fully integrated on the same substrate, and they are interconnected via a simple taper.
Abstract: Usually transitions from microstrip line to rectangular waveguide are made with three-dimensional complex mounting structures. In this paper, a new planar platform is developed in which the microstrip line and rectangular waveguide are fully integrated on the same substrate, and they are interconnected via a simple taper. Our experiments at 28 GHz show that an effective bandwidth of 12% at 20 dB return loss is obtained with an in-band insertion loss better than 0.3 dB. The new transition allows a complete integration of waveguide components on substrate with MICs and MMICs.
1,631 citations
TL;DR: The author presents a method for the calibration of network analyzers that uses multiple, redundant transmission line standards to minimize the effects of random errors, and exhibits improvements in both accuracy and bandwidth over conventional methods.
Abstract: The author presents a method for the calibration of network analyzers. The essential feature is the use of multiple, redundant transmission line standards. The additional information provided by the redundant standards is used to minimize the effects of random errors, such as those caused by imperfect connector repeatability. The resulting method exhibits improvements in both accuracy and bandwidth over conventional methods. The basis of the statistical treatment is a linearized error analysis of the TRL (thru-reflect-line) calibration method. The analysis presented is useful in the assessment of calibration accuracy. It also yields results relevant to the choice of standards. >
1,168 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present new concepts that allow for the complete integration of planar circuits and waveguide filters synthesized on a single substrate by means of metallized post (or via-hole) arrays.
Abstract: The integrated planar technique has been considered as a reliable candidate for low-cost mass production of millimeter-wave circuits and systems. This paper presents new concepts that allow for a complete integration of planar circuits and waveguide filters synthesized on a single substrate by means of metallized post (or via-hole) arrays. Analysis of the synthesized integrated waveguide and design criteria are presented for the post pitch and diameter. A filter design method derived from a synthesis technique using inductive post is presented. An experimental three-pole Chebyshev filter having 1-dB insertion loss and return loss better than 17 dB is demonstrated. Integrating such planar and nonplanar circuits on a substrate can significantly reduce size, weight, and cost, and greatly enhance manufacturing repeatability and reliability.
868 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the dispersion properties of the substrate integrated rectangular waveguide (SIRW) were rigorously obtained using the BI-RME method combined with the Floquet's theorem.
Abstract: Dispersion properties of the substrate integrated rectangular waveguide (SIRW) are rigorously obtained using the BI-RME method combined with the Floquet's theorem. Our analysis shows that the SIRW basically has the same guided-wave characteristics as the conventional rectangular waveguide. Empirical equations are derived from the calculated dispersion curves in order to estimate the cutoff frequency of the first two dominant modes of the SIRW To validate the analysis results, an SIRW guide was designed and measured. Very good agreements between the experimental and theoretical results were obtained.
776 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a novel feed structure was proposed to excite a plane TEM wave in a parallel-plate waveguide, which is composed of densely arrayed posts on the same layer as the parallel plate.
Abstract: The authors propose a novel feed structure to excite a plane TEM wave in a parallel-plate waveguide. The feed waveguide is composed of densely arrayed posts on the same layer as the parallel plate. The posts can be easily fabricated at low cost by making metalized via holes in a grounded dielectric substrate. Such a procedure results in a quite simple fabrication of the antenna. The feed waveguide is designed to obtain a uniform division, which is confirmed by measurements on a 40-GHz band model.
568 citations