Gut Biofactory-Neurocompetent Metabolites within the Gastrointestinal Tract. A Scoping Review.
Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka,Karolina Jakubczyk,Dominika Maciejewska-Markiewicz,Katarzyna Janda,Karolina Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka,Mariusz Kaczmarczyk,Igor Łoniewski,Wojciech Marlicz +7 more
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TLDR
This review aimed to enhance knowledge regarding the gut microbiota functional capacity, and support current and future attempts to create new compounds for future clinical interventions.Abstract:
The gut microbiota have gained much scientific attention recently. Apart from unravelling the taxonomic data, we should understand how the altered microbiota structure corresponds to functions of this complex ecosystem. The metabolites of intestinal microorganisms, especially bacteria, exert pleiotropic effects on the human organism and contribute to the host systemic balance. These molecules play key roles in regulating immune and metabolic processes. A subset of them affect the gut brain axis signaling and balance the mental wellbeing. Neurotransmitters, short chain fatty acids, tryptophan catabolites, bile acids and phosphatidylcholine, choline, serotonin, and L-carnitine metabolites possess high neuroactive potential. A scoping literature search in PubMed/Embase was conducted up until 20 June 2020, using three major search terms "microbiota metabolites" AND "gut brain axis" AND "mental health". This review aimed to enhance our knowledge regarding the gut microbiota functional capacity, and support current and future attempts to create new compounds for future clinical interventions.read more
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Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Maternal Microbiota and Metabolism in Pregnancy.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized the current knowledge about short-chain fatty acids, their potential impact and possible mechanisms of action in relation to maternal metabolism during pregnancy, and found that SCFAs, in particular propionic acid via GPR, determine the development and metabolic programming of the fetus in pregnant women.
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Gut Microbiota Metabolites in Major Depressive Disorder—Deep Insights into Their Pathophysiological Role and Potential Translational Applications
Miguel A Ortega,Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon,C. García-Montero,Oscar Fraile-Martínez,Luis G. Guijarro,Guillermo Lahera,Jorge Monserrat,Paula Valls,Fernando Mora,Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez,Javier Quintero,Melchor Alvarez-Mon +11 more
TL;DR: The main microbial metabolites (short-chain fatty acids -SCFAs-, bile acids, amino acids, tryptophan -trp- derivatives, and more), their signaling pathways and functions will be summarized to explain part of MDD pathophysiology.
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Citrus Polyphenols in Brain Health and Disease: Current Perspectives.
TL;DR: In addition to essential micronutrients such as vitamin C, citrus fruits represent a considerably rich source of non-essential bioactive compounds, in particular flavanones which form a sub-set of the flavonoid group.
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Microbiome Metabolites and Thyroid Dysfunction
Piotr Bargiel,Małgorzata Szczuko,Laura Stachowska,Piotr Prowans,Norbert Czapla,Marta Markowska,Jan Petriczko,Jakub Kledzik,Alicja Jędrzejczyk-Kledzik,Joanna Palma,Paulina Zabielska,Dominika Maciejewska-Markiewicz +11 more
TL;DR: In this article, the role of the microbiome in the metabolism of thyroid hormones and the impact of thyroid autoimmune diseases is discussed in the context of both thyroid diseases and intestinal dysbiosis.
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Screening of GABA-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria from Thai Fermented Foods and Probiotic Potential of Levilactobacillus brevis F064A for GABA-Fermented Mulberry Juice Production.
TL;DR: In this paper, the GABA-fermented mulberry juice (GABA-FMJ) was obtained from Thai fermented foods, which contained 3.31 ± 0.06 mg/mL of GABA content, 5.58 − 0.5 log 10 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL of viable Levilactobacillus brevis F064A cell count.
References
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Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework
Hilary Arksey,Lisa O'Malley +1 more
TL;DR: A framework for conducting a scoping study is outlined based on recent experiences of reviewing the literature on services for carers for people with mental health problems and it is suggested that a wider debate is called for about the role of the scoped study in relation to other types of literature reviews.
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Expert consensus document. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic
Colin Hill,Francisco Guarner,Gregor Reid,Glenn R. Gibson,Daniel Merenstein,Bruno Pot,Lorenzo Morelli,Roberto Berni Canani,Harry J. Flint,Seppo Salminen,Philip C. Calder,Mary Ellen Sanders +11 more
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Identification of stem cells in small intestine and colon by marker gene Lgr5
Nick Barker,Johan H. van Es,Jeroen Kuipers,Pekka Kujala,Maaike van den Born,Miranda Cozijnsen,Andrea Haegebarth,Jeroen Korving,Harry Begthel,Peter J. Peters,Hans Clevers +10 more
TL;DR: The expression pattern of Lgr5 suggests that it marks stem cells in multiple adult tissues and cancers, suggesting that it represents the stem cell of the small intestine and colon.
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The Microbial Metabolites, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Regulate Colonic Treg Cell Homeostasis
Patrick M. Smith,Michael R. Howitt,Nicolai Panikov,Monia Michaud,Carey Ann Gallini,Mohammad Bohlooly-Y,Jonathan N. Glickman,Wendy S. Garrett +7 more
TL;DR: This study determined that short-chain fatty acids, gut microbiota–derived bacterial fermentation products, regulate the size and function of the colonic Treg pool and protect against colitis in a Ffar2-dependent manner in mice, revealing that a class of abundant microbial metabolites underlies adaptive immune microbiota coadaptation and promotes colonic homeostasis and health.
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Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells
Yukihiro Furusawa,Yuuki Obata,Shinji Fukuda,Takaho A. Endo,Gaku Nakato,Daisuke Takahashi,Yumiko Nakanishi,Chikako Uetake,Keiko Kato,Tamotsu Kato,Masumi Takahashi,Noriko N. Fukuda,Shinnosuke Murakami,Eiji Miyauchi,Shingo Hino,Koji Atarashi,Satoshi Onawa,Yumiko Fujimura,Trevor Lockett,Julie M. Clarke,David L. Topping,Masaru Tomita,Shohei Hori,Osamu Ohara,Tatsuya Morita,Haruhiko Koseki,Jun Kikuchi,Kenya Honda,Koji Hase,Hiroshi Ohno +29 more
TL;DR: It is shown that a large bowel microbial fermentation product, butyrate, induces the differentiation of colonic Treg cells in mice and ameliorated the development of colitis induced by adoptive transfer of CD4+ CD45RBhi T cells in Rag1−/− mice.