Gut microbes, diet, and cancer.
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...Other examples of whole foods and dietary components converted by gut microbiota into metabolites with potential tumor-suppressive functions include: daidzein in soy-based products is converted to equol, which functions as an antioxidant; glucosinolates in cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, are converted to sulforaphane and other isothiocyanates that function as HDAC inhibitors with anti-inflammatory effects; ellagic acid in certain berries is metabolized to urolithins, which alter estrogens and inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 and inflammation.(90,91) Finally, it should be emphasized that most commensal bacteria are neither “good” nor “bad” per se; rather, our diets dictate whether microbiota produce metabolites that exacerbate or ameliorate tumor progression....
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...Other gut microbiota-derived metabolites implicated in cancer prevention, such as equol, have been detected in a variety of tissues (eg, breast) and biological fluids, such as blood, urine, and prostatic fluid.(91) Gut bacteria participate in the metabolism of endogenous estrogens, potentially affecting breast cancer....
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