Gut Microbiota Profiling: Metabolomics Based Approach to Unravel Compounds Affecting Human Health
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TLDR
The use of biostatistics and mathematical approaches coupled with metabolomics play a key role in the extraction of biologically meaningful information from wide datasets as discussed by the authors, which can offer deep insights on the impact of lifestyle and dietary factors on chronic and acute diseases.Abstract:
The gut microbiota is composed of a huge number of different bacteria, which produce a large amount of compounds playing a key role in microbe selection and in the construction of a metabolic signaling network. The microbial activity is affected by environmental stimuli leading to the generation of a wide number of compounds, which influence the host metabolome and human health. Indeed, metabolic profiles related to the gut microbiota can offer deep insights on the impact of lifestyle and dietary factors on chronic and acute diseases. Metagenomics, metaproteomics and metabolomics are some of the meta-omics approaches to study the modulation of the gut microbiota. Metabolomic research applied to biofluids allows to: define the metabolic profile; identify and quantify classes and compounds of interest; characterize small molecules produced by intestinal microbes; and define the biochemical pathways of metabolites. Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy are the principal technologies applied to metabolomics in terms of coverage, sensitivity and quantification. Moreover, the use of biostatistics and mathematical approaches coupled with metabolomics play a key role in the extraction of biologically meaningful information from wide datasets. Metabolomic studies in gut microbiota-related research have increased, focusing on the generation of novel biomarkers, which could lead to the development of mechanistic hypotheses potentially applicable to the development of nutritional and personalized therapies.read more
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The Controversial Role of Human Gut Lachnospiraceae.
Mirco Vacca,Giuseppe Celano,Francesco Maria Calabrese,Piero Portincasa,Marco Gobbetti,Maria De Angelis +5 more
TL;DR: Changes in Lachnospiraceae abundances according to health and disease are discussed and how nutrients from the host diet can influence their growth and how their metabolites can, in turn, influence host physiology are analyzed.
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Fecal microbiota transplant overcomes resistance to anti–PD-1 therapy in melanoma patients
Diwakar Davar,Amiran K. Dzutsev,John A. McCulloch,Richard R. Rodrigues,Joe Marc Chauvin,Robert M. Morrison,Richelle DeBlasio,Carmine Menna,Quanquan Ding,Ornella Pagliano,Bochra Zidi,Shuowen Zhang,Jonathan H. Badger,Marie Vétizou,Alicia M. Cole,Miriam R. Fernandes,Stephanie Prescott,Raquel Galvão Figueredo Costa,Ascharya K. Balaji,Andrey Morgun,Ivan Vujkovic-Cvijin,Hong Wang,Amir A. Borhani,Marc Schwartz,Howard M. Dubner,Scarlett J. Ernst,Amy Rose,Yana G. Najjar,Yasmine Belkaid,John M. Kirkwood,Giorgio Trinchieri,Hassane M. Zarour +31 more
TL;DR: In this article, a clinical trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of responder-derived fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) together with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy for patients with advanced melanoma.
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Microbiota-Brain-Gut Axis and Neurodegenerative Diseases
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Gut Microbiota-Derived Tryptophan Metabolites Modulate Inflammatory Response in Hepatocytes and Macrophages.
Smitha Krishnan,Yufang Ding,Nima Saedi,Maria Choi,Gautham V. Sridharan,David H. Sherr,Martin L. Yarmush,Robert C. Alaniz,Arul Jayaraman,Kyongbum Lee +9 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that gut microbiota could influence inflammatory responses in the liver through metabolites engaging host receptors, and these effects are AhR dependent.
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