Hábito de fumar. comportamiento clínico epidemiológico en un consultorio médico de la familia
08 Jan 2005-Vol. 9, Iss: 4, pp 32-41
TL;DR: Un estudio descriptivo transversal de conocer el comportamiento clinico epidemiologico del habito de fumar en el consultorio medico de la familia El Corojo, del municipio San Antonio del Sur, realizado desde octubre de 2001 a junio of 2002, encontraron resultados significativos.
Abstract: Se realizo un estudio descriptivo transversal con el objetivo de conocer el comportamiento clinico epidemiologico del habito de fumar en el consultorio medico de la familia El Corojo, del municipio San Antonio del Sur, desde octubre de 2001 a junio de 2002. Los datos de la investigacion fueron extraidos de la entrevista realizada a los 115 fumadores registrados en las historias clinicas familiares, con las variables seleccionadas y disenadas segun criterios de expertos. Se encontraron resultados significativos, predomino el grupo de edades de 40 a 49 anos (32, 17 %), los masculinos (70, 43 %), el inicio del habito prevalecio en las edades de 10 a 19 anos (71, 30 %), de forma moderada (53, 85 %) y la influencia familiar como motivacion (51, 30 %); este habito se relaciono con la ingestion de cafe (75, 65 %), el sedentarismo (17, 40 %) y la hipertension arterial (17, 13 %). Predominaron las edades de 40 a 49 anos, el sexo masculino, con inicio del habito en edades tempranas, de forma moderada, motivados por la influencia familiar, con riesgos como el sedentarismo, la hipertension arterial como enfermedad asociada y la ingestion de cafe.
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TL;DR: The results show that the GYTS surveillance system is enhancing the capacity of countries to design, implement, and evaluate tobacco prevention and control programmes.
Abstract: The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) project was developed by the World Health Organization and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to track tobacco use among youth in countries across the world, using a common methodology and core questionnaire. The GYTS is school based and employs a two-stage sample design to produce representative data on smoking among students aged 13-15 years. The first stage consists of a probabilistic selection of schools, and the second consists of a random selection of classes from the participating schools. All students in the selected classes are eligible for the survey. In 1999, the GYTS was conducted in 13 countries and is currently in progress in over 30 countries. This report describes data from 12 countries: Barbados, China, Costa Rica, Fiji, Jordan, Poland, the Russian Federation (Moscow), South Africa, Sri Lanka, Ukraine (Kiev), Venezuela, and Zimbabwe. The findings show that tobacco use in the surveyed age group ranged from a high of 33% to a low of 10%. While the majority of current smokers wanted to stop smoking, very few were able to attend a cessation programme. In most countries the majority of young people reported seeing advertisements for cigarettes in media outlets, but anti-tobacco advertising was rare. The majority of young people reported being taught in school about the dangers of smoking. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure was very high in all countries. These results show that the GYTS surveillance system is enhancing the capacity of countries to design, implement, and evaluate tobacco prevention and control programmes.
297 citations
TL;DR: These findings confirm the association of cigarette smoking with elevated risk of mortality from all causes, several cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Abstract: Background Although most observations in the Seven Countries Study suggest that cigarette smoking is harmful for health, universality of this conclusion remains controversial. Subjects and Methods Cohort-specific and pooled smoking habits at baseline (1957-1964) in 12,763 men aged 40 through 59 years living in Europe, the United States, and Japan in relation to 25-year mortality follow-up. Pooled hazard ratios for smokers vs never smokers were calculated by the Cox proportional hazards model, adjusting for baseline country of residence, age, body mass index, serum cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and clinical cardiovascular disease. Results Adjusted hazard ratios for all-causes death in smokers compared with never smokers were 1.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-1.4) for smokers of less than 10 cigarettes per day and 1.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.7-1.9) for smokers of 10 cigarettes per day or more. Hazard ratios were elevated for death due to coronary heart disease, all stroke, other arterial disease, lung cancer, other cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and other disease in smokers compared with never smokers. Within country, a few instances in which never smokers had a higher cause-specific death rate than smokers of 10 cigarettes per day or more were attributable to random variation associated with low prevalence of never smokers and multiple comparisons. Conclusions These findings confirm the association of cigarette smoking with elevated risk of mortality from all causes, several cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Risk associated with cigarette smoking is independent of culture.
254 citations
TL;DR: The findings help to complement and complete the evidence of prior studies on tobacco smoking among adolescents with behavior problems, including recent research on Central American youths.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between behavioral problems and tobacco smoking among adolescent students in Chile. METHODS: Data were drawn from a study that included questionnaire surveys of 46 907 school-attending adolescents in all 13 of the administrative regions of Chile. Assessments were based on an adapted, Spanish-language version of the Drug Use Screening Inventory. The conditional form of the logistic regression model was used for analysis, with matching of students on individual schools, and with further statistical adjustments for sex, age, and selected risk factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of tobacco smoking among the adolescents was very high across all of Chile, with a level between 56% and 65% in each of the 13 regions. The estimated odds of tobacco use in youths at the highest level of behavioral problems was about twice that for youths at the lowest levels, both before and after controlling for sex, age, lack of participation in recreational activities, level of irritability, and levels of problems with school, family attention, and mental health. CONCLUSIONS: These findings help to complement and complete the evidence of prior studies on tobacco smoking among adolescents with behavior problems, including recent research on Central American youths. Although the magnitude of observed associations in Chile was not as great as that for the associations found in Central America, both the strength of these associations and their statistical significance were observed throughout Chile. This is the first study in Chile on potentially causal relationships such as these.
26 citations