Journal ArticleDOI
Hair analysis as a biomonitor for toxicology, disease and health status
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TLDR
The questions surrounding hair analysis are addressed with specific intent of discovering what hair concentrations can actually relate to in a biogenic sense, and why and how elements are incorporated into hair and their meaning.Abstract:
Hair analysis receives a large amount of academic and commercial interest for wide-ranging applications. However, in many instances, especially for elemental or ‘mineral’ analysis, the degree of success of analytical interpretation has been quite minimal with respect to the extent of such endeavors. In this critical review we address the questions surrounding hair analysis with specific intent of discovering what hair concentrations can actually relate to in a biogenic sense. This is done from a chemistry perspective to explain why and how elements are incorporated into hair and their meaning. This includes an overview of variables attributed to altering hair concentrations, such as age, gender, melanin content, and other less reported factors. Hair elemental concentrations are reviewed with regard to morbidity, with specific examples of disease related effects summarized. The application of hair analysis for epidemiology and etiology studies is enforced. A section is dedicated specifically to the area of population studies with regards to mercury, which highlights how endogenous and exogenous incorporation relies on species dependant metabolism and metabolic products. Many of the considerations are relevant to other areas of interest in hair analysis, such as for drug and isotopic analysis. Inclusion of a table of elemental concentrations in hair should act as a valuable reference (298 references).read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Hair cortisol analysis: An update on methodological considerations and clinical applications.
Michael Greff,Jeffrey M. Levine,Awatif M. Abuzgaia,Abdelbaset A. Elzagallaai,Michael J. Rieder,Stan Van Uum +5 more
TL;DR: Hair cortisol provides a unique objective biomarker for the analysis of endogenous cortisol levels for not only clinical diagnostic purposes but also in research, and has great potential for advancing patient care.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hair as a biomarker of environmental manganese exposure
TL;DR: Data show that hair can be effectively cleaned of exogenous metal contamination, and they substantiate the use of hair Mn levels as a biomarker of environmental Mn exposure in children.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hg Speciation and Stable Isotope Signatures in Human Hair As a Tracer for Dietary and Occupational Exposure to Mercury
Laure Laffont,Laure Laffont,Laure Laffont,Jeroen E. Sonke,Jeroen E. Sonke,Laurence Maurice,Selma J. Luna Monrroy,Jaime Chincheros,David Amouroux,Philippe Behra,Philippe Behra +10 more
TL;DR: The Hg stable isotope signatures and Hg speciation in human hair across different gold miner, indigenous and urban populations in Bolivia and France are reported on and it is shown that IHg exposure sources to gold miners can be monitored in hair samples following either its chemical speciation or isotopic composition.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reference values of elements in human hair: A systematic review
TL;DR: It is necessary to elaborate the standard procedures and furtherly validate hair mineral analysis and deliver detailed methodology to provide meaningful reference ranges and take advantage of the potential that lies in Hair Mineral Analysis as a medical diagnostic technique.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sample preparation methods for determination of drugs of abuse in hair samples: A review
TL;DR: An overview of sample preparation techniques for the determination of substances of abuse in hair is provided, specifically regarding the principal steps in hair sample treatment-decontamination, extraction and purification.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Methylmercury Poisoning in Iraq
F Bakir,S. F. Damluji,Laman Amin-Zaki,M. Murtadha,A. Khalidi,Naseer Al-Rawi,S. Tikriti,H. I. Dhahir,Thomas W. Clarkson,J.C. Smith,Richard A. Doherty +10 more
Book
Principles of Protein Structure
TL;DR: The present work focuses on the development of a model for the transition of the Amino Acid Sequence from Nucleic Acids to Polypeptides to Protein Structures, and the role that this model plays in the Evolution of Proteins.
Journal ArticleDOI
The three modern faces of mercury.
TL;DR: The three modern "faces" of mercury are the authors' perceptions of risk from the exposure of billions of people to methyl mercury in fish, mercury vapor from amalgam tooth fillings, and ethyl mercury in the form of thimerosal added as an antiseptic to widely used vaccines.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cognitive Performance of Children Prenatally Exposed to “Safe” Levels of Methylmercury
TL;DR: Subtle effects on brain function seem to be detectable at prenatal methylmercury exposure levels currently considered to be safe, within a cohort of 1022 consecutive singleton births in the Faroe Islands.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Prenatal and Postnatal Methylmercury Exposure From Fish Consumption on Neurodevelopment Outcomes at 66 Months of Age in the Seychelles Child Development Study
Philip W. Davidson,Gary J. Myers,Christopher Cox,C. D. Axtell,Conrad F. Shamlaye,Jean Sloane-Reeves,Elsa Cernichiari,Larry L. Needham,A. Choi,Yining Wang,Maths Berlin,Thomas W. Clarkson +11 more
TL;DR: In the population studied, consumption of a diet high in ocean fish appears to pose no threat to developmental outcomes through 66 months of age.