Hair cortisol, stress exposure, and mental health in humans: A systematic review
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...Second, we sought to elucidate the relationship of HCC with chronic stress-related constructs, as previous findings in this context have been particularly puzzling (Stalder and Kirschbaum, 2012; Staufenbiel et al., 2013)....
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...Meta-analytic and descriptive reviews show that chronic stress is associated with elevated long-term cortisol secretion (Stalder et al., 2017; Staufenbiel et al., 2013), with stressor duration and recency since stressor onset being important factors in shaping basal cortisol levels (Miller et al.,…...
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Cites background from "Hair cortisol, stress exposure, and..."
...Hair cortisol levels are elevated in individuals with GAD and PD (Staufenbiel et al, 2013) and increased salivary cortisol concentrations have been associated with late-life GAD (Mantella et al, 2008)....
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"Hair cortisol, stress exposure, and..." refers background or methods in this paper
...It is an established assumption that the impact of stressful events is not only caused by the intensity of this event but also influenced by individual and contextual factors (Mason, 1971; Cohen et al., 1983)....
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..., 2008), by the fact that most studies used a hair sample reflecting the average cortisol exposure of three months whereas the commonly used perceived stress scale (PSS) includes only the previous four weeks (Cohen et al., 1983), or by problems that arise with retrospective subjective assessment like recall bias or social desirability bias (Stalder et al....
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...For example, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) (Cohen et al., 1983) is a widely used tool to assess the perception of stress by means of 4, 10, or 14 items....
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