Book•
Handbook of clay science
01 Jan 2006-
TL;DR: The history of Clay Science: A Young Discipline 16. as mentioned in this paper The history of clay science: A Great Perspective and teaching Clay Science, a Great Perspective: Teaching Clay Science from a Teacher's Perspective
Abstract: 1. General Introduction: Clays, Clay Minerals, and Clay Science 2. Structures and Mineralogy of Clay Minerals 3. Surface and Interface Chemistry of Clay Minerals 4. Synthetic Clay Minerals and Purification of Natural Clays 5. Colloid Clay Science 6. Mechanical Properties of Clays and Clay Minerals 7. Modified Clays and Clay Minerals 8. Properties and Behavior of Iron in Clay Minerals 9. Clays, Microorganisms and Biomineralisation 10. Clays in Industry 11. Clays, Environment and Health 12. Critical Assessment of Some Analytical Techniques 13. Some Other Materials Related to Clays 14. Genesis of Clay Minerals 15. History of Clay Science: A Young Discipline 16. Teaching Clay Science: A Great Perspective
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors give an overview of properties, synthesis and applications of bentonite and polymer nanocomposites and describe the research performed until the present moment, including different synthesis techniques, modifications with several chemical compounds as quaternary alkylammonium salts and also biomolecules as enzymes that provide applicability in a variety of fields.
911 citations
TL;DR: The emerging literature on the ecotoxicological literature shows toxic effects on fish and invertebrates, often at low mg l−1 concentrations of nanoparticles, however, data on bacteria, plants, and terrestrial species are particularly lacking at present.
Abstract: The emerging literature on the ecotoxicity of nanoparticles and nanomaterials is summarised, then the fundamental physico-chemistry that governs particle behaviour is explained in an ecotoxicological context. Techniques for measuring nanoparticles in various biological and chemical matrices are also outlined. The emerging ecotoxicological literature shows toxic effects on fish and invertebrates, often at low mg l−1 concentrations of nanoparticles. However, data on bacteria, plants, and terrestrial species are particularly lacking at present. Initial data suggest that at least some manufactured nanoparticles may interact with other contaminants, influencing their ecotoxicity. Particle behaviour is influenced by particle size, shape, surface charge, and the presence of other materials in the environment. Nanoparticles tend to aggregate in hard water and seawater, and are greatly influenced by the specific type of organic matter or other natural particles (colloids) present in freshwater. The state of dispersion will alter ecotoxicity, but many abiotic factors that influence this, such as pH, salinity, and the presence of organic matter remain to be systematically investigated as part of ecotoxicological studies. Concentrations of manufactured nanoparticles have rarely been measured in the environment to date. Various techniques are available to characterise nanoparticles for exposure and dosimetry, although each of these methods has advantages and disadvantages for the ecotoxicologist. We conclude with a consideration of implications for environmental risk assessment of manufactured nanoparticles.
868 citations
TL;DR: The use of clays and iron-oxide minerals as catalysts of Fenton-like reactions is a promising alternative for the decontamination of soils, groundwaters, sediments, and industrial effluents as discussed by the authors.
758 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of CH 4 adsorption experiments on clay-rich rocks were conducted at 35, 50, and 65°C and at CH 4 pressure up to 15 MPa under dry conditions.
518 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism by which clay minerals swell and what steps have been taken in the development of effective and environmentally friendly clay swelling inhibitors.
492 citations