Book•
Handbook of LEGUMES of World Economic Importance
01 Jan 1981-
About: The article was published on 1981-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 1053 citations till now.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: This document reviews various plant feedstuis, which currently are or potentially may be incorporated into aquafeeds to support the sustainable production of various ¢sh species in aquaculture and strategies and techniques to optimize the nutritional composition and limit potentially adverse eiects of bioactive compounds are described.
Abstract: Continued growth and intensi¢cation of aquaculture production depends upon the development of sustainable protein sources to replace ¢sh meal in aquafeeds. This document reviews various plant feedstuis, which currently are or potentially may be incorporated into aquafeeds to support the sustainable production of various ¢sh species in aquaculture. The plant feedstuis considered include oilseeds, legumes and cereal grains, which traditionally have been used as protein or energy concentrates as well as novel products developed through various processing technologies. The nutritional composition of these various feedstuis are considered along with the presence of any bioactive compounds that may positively or negatively aiect the target organism. Lipid composition of these feedstuis is not speci¢cally considered although it is recognized that incorporating lipid supplements in aquafeeds to achieve proper fatty acid pro¢les to meet the metabolic requirements of ¢sh and maximize human health bene¢ts are important aspects. Speci¢c strategies and techniques to optimize the nutritional composition of plant feedstuis and limit potentially adverse eiects of bioactive compounds are also described. Such information will provide a foundation for developing strategic research plans for increasing the use of plant feedstuis in aquaculture to reduce dependence of animal feedstuis and thereby enhance the sustainability of aquaculture.
1,910 citations
Cites background from "Handbook of LEGUMES of World Econom..."
...The predominant antinutrients for ¢sh in lupins are the quinolizidine alkaloids (Duke 1981)....
[...]
...Moderate levels of oligosaccharides are present in lupins and ¢eld peas (Duke 1981; Hickling 2003)....
[...]
TL;DR: The aim of the Prosea Programme is tosummarize knowledge about useful plants for workers in education, research, extension and industry.
Abstract: summarize knowledge about useful plants for workers in education, research, extension and industry. The following institutions are reponsible for the coordination of the Prosea Programme and the handbook: Forest Research Institute of Malaysia (FRIM), Karung Berkunci 201, Jalan FRI Kepong, 52109 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Widya Graha, Jalan Gatot Subroto 10, J akar ta 12710, Indonesia Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), Nghia Do, Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam Papua New Guinea University of Technology (UNITECH), Private Mail Bag, Lae, Papua New Guinea Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research & Development (PCARRD), Los Bahos, Laguna, the Philippines Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), 196 Phahonyothin Road, Bank Khen, Bangkok 10900, Thailand Wageningen Agricultural University (WAU), Costerweg 50, 6701 BH Wageningen, the Netherlands
1,139 citations
Cites background from "Handbook of LEGUMES of World Econom..."
...fungosa) the male flowers (2-20) are situated just below the female part of the inflorescence, they ire 4-5-merous with ovoid-ellipsoidal synandrium:, female part of inflorescence subspherical to ovoid, 1-3....
[...]
TL;DR: Chickpea has several potential health benefits, and, in combination with other pulses and cereals, it could have beneficial effects on some of the important human diseases such as CVD, type 2 diabetes, digestive diseases and some cancers.
Abstract: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important pulse crop grown and consumed all over the world, especially in the Afro-Asian countries. It is a good source of carbohydrates and protein, and protein quality is considered to be better than other pulses. Chickpea has significant amounts of all the essential amino acids except sulphur-containing amino acids, which can be complemented by adding cereals to the daily diet. Starch is the major storage carbohydrate followed by dietary fibre, oligosaccharides and simple sugars such as glucose and sucrose. Although lipids are present in low amounts, chickpea is rich in nutritionally important unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic and oleic acids. β-Sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol are important sterols present in chickpea oil. Ca, Mg, P and, especially, K are also present in chickpea seeds. Chickpea is a good source of important vitamins such as riboflavin, niacin, thiamin, folate and the vitamin A precursor β-carotene. As with other pulses, chickpea seeds also contain anti-nutritional factors which can be reduced or eliminated by different cooking techniques. Chickpea has several potential health benefits, and, in combination with other pulses and cereals, it could have beneficial effects on some of the important human diseases such as CVD, type 2 diabetes, digestive diseases and some cancers. Overall, chickpea is an important pulse crop with a diverse array of potential nutritional and health benefits.
726 citations
Book•
05 Oct 2012
TL;DR: Herbs, spices and their active components as natural antimicrobials in foods Effect of natural antioxidants in herbs and spices on shelf life of foods is studied.
Abstract: Herbs, spices and their active components as natural antimicrobials in foods Effect of natural antioxidants in herbs and spices on shelf life of foods Ajowan Aniseed Asafoetida Allspice Capers and caperberries Caraway Celery Chervil Fennel and fennel seed Galangal Kaffir lime leaf Lavender Lemongrass Lovage Nigella Oregano Poppy Sesame Star anise Tarragon Tamarind Other significant herbs and spices.
682 citations
TL;DR: Methods currently used for the quantitative analysis of saponins, sapogenols, and glycoalkaloids are critically considered; advances in the use of newer methods being emphasized.
Abstract: Saponins occur widely in plant species and exhibit a range of biological properties, both beneficial and deleterious. This review, which covers the literature to mid 1986, is concerned with their occurrence in plants and their effects when consumed by animals and man. After a short discussion on the nature, occurrence, and biosynthesis of saponins, during which the distinction between steroidal and triterpenoid saponins is made, the structures of saponins which have been identified in a variety of plants used as human foods, animal feedingstuffs, herbs, and flavorings are described. Many of these compounds have been characterized only during the last 2 decades, and modern techniques of isolation, purification, and structural elucidation are discussed. Particular consideration is given to mild chemical and enzymatic methods of hydrolysis and to recent developments in the application of NMR and soft ionization MS techniques to structural elucidation. Methods currently used for the quantitative analysis of saponins, sapogenols, and glycoalkaloids are critically considered; advances in the use of newer methods being emphasized. The levels of saponins in a variety of foods and food plants are discussed in the context of the methods used and factors affecting these levels, including genetic origin, agronomic, and processing variables, are indicated. Critical consideration is given to the biological effects of saponins in food which are very varied and dependent upon both the amount and chemical structure of the individual compounds. The properties considered include membranolytic effects, toxic and fungitoxic effects, adverse effects on animal growth and performance, and the important hypocholesterolemic effect. A final section deals briefly with the pharmacological effects of saponins from ginseng, since use of this plant is increasing in certain sections of western society as well as being traditional in the Orient.
635 citations
References
More filters
2,932 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1935
TL;DR: A Dictionary of the Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula as discussed by the authors, a dictionary of the economic products of theMalay Peninsula, a Dictionary of economic products in Malay, and a Malay economic dictionary.
Abstract: A Dictionary of the Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula , A Dictionary of the Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
1,597 citations
Book•
21 Dec 1968
TL;DR: This illustrated manual describes and discusses the unusually rich and varied flora of the Carolinas, from the semi-tropical coast of South Carolina to the northern forests of the high North Carolina mountains.
Abstract: This illustrated manual describes and discusses the unusually rich and varied flora of the Carolinas, from the semi-tropical coast of South Carolina to the northern forests of the high North Carolina mountains. The manual treats in detail and in a concise format more than 3, 200 species of trees, shrubs, vines, herbs and ferns that grow without cultivation in this two-state area. Special features include diagnostic illustrations, keys for identification, detailed descriptions, flowering and fruiting dates, habitat data, distribution data, and pertinent synonymy for each species. County dot maps show the distribution of each species if found in more than five counties throughout the two-state area, and general ranges beyond our borders are given in the text. First published in 1968, Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas is an established reference for professionals, students, and plant enthusiasts throughout the Southeastern United States. It is based on the collection and examination of more than 200,000 live specimens. Many of these specimens are now housed in the herbarium at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
1,411 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1960
TL;DR: Until recently it has generally been the custom in this country to put cases of gonorrhoea on surveillance for three months but that this may not be long enough is suggested in the case described.
Abstract: to exclude syphilis does not require to be extended beyond the customary three months. The incubation period which elapses between the implantation of the spirochaete and the appearance of a visible lesion is generally under six weeks. An incubation period longer than two months, though described, should be regarded with suspicion. Until recently it has generally been the custom in this country to put cases of gonorrhoea on surveillance for three months. That this may not be long enough is suggested in the case described. CASE REPORT
1,336 citations