Handbook of Photochemistry
21 Feb 2006-
TL;DR: In this article, the triplet-state Energies of a triplet state were investigated in the context of low-temperature photophysics of organic molecules in solution.
Abstract: Photophysics of Organic Molecules in Solution Introduction Electronic States Radiative Transitions Nonradiative Transitions Excited State Kinetics Acknowledgments Bibliography Transition Metal Complexes Electronic Structure Types of Excited States and Electronic Transitions Absorption and Emission Bands Jablonski Diagram Photochemical Reactivity Electrochemical Behavior Polynuclear Metal Complexes Photophysical Properties of Organic Compounds Photophysics of Organic Molecules in Solution Triplet-State Energies: Ordered Flash Photolysis: Designing Experiments Low-Temperature Photophysics of Organic Molecules Absorption and Luminescence Spectra of Organic Compounds ESR and ODMR Parameters of the Triplet State Photophysical Properties of Transition Metal Complexes Photophysical Parameters Absorption and Emission Spectra Abbreviations Rate Constants of Excited-State Quenching Ionization Energies, Electron Affinities, and Reduction Potentials Ionization Energies and Electron Affinities Reduction Potentials Bond Dissociation Energies Solvent Properties Donor Number Luminescence Spectroscopy Measurements Correction of Luminescence Intensity Measurements in Solution Fluorescence Quantum Yield Standards Phosphorescence Quantum Yield Standards Luminescence Lifetime Standards Light Sources and Filters Spectral Distribution of Photochemical Sources Transmission Characteristics of Light Filters and Glasses Chemical Actinometry Ferrioxalate Actinometer Photochromic Actinometers Reinecke's Salt Actinometer Uranyl Oxalate Actinometer Other Actinometers Miscellaneous Spin-Orbit Coupling Hammett ? Constants Fundamental Constants and Conversion Factors Index *References included in each chapter
Citations
More filters
1,679 citations
TL;DR: The review covers the knowledge on photoremovable protecting groups and includes all relevant chromophores studied in the time period of 2000–2012 and the most relevant earlier works are discussed.
Abstract: The review covers the knowledge on photoremovable protecting
groups and includes all relevant chromophores studied in the
time period of 2000–2012; the most relevant earlier works are
also discussed.
1,274 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed all the operational examples reported to date, and measurement techniques applied to these low-power nonlinear processes, in many instances, direct visualization of this phenomenon is presented in solution and within various polymeric host materials.
1,138 citations
Cites background from "Handbook of Photochemistry"
...uantum yield of near unity [18], rendering it an attractive accepor/annihilator forupconversion....
[...]
...27) [18] afforded the modest increase n relative upconversion efficiency....
[...]
TL;DR: In this paper, the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and its importance for radiative as well as nonradiative transitions between the lowest triplet state and the electronic ground state is discussed.
1,043 citations
Cites background from "Handbook of Photochemistry"
...The organic molecule can exhibit an efficient and fast decayng singlet emission (S1 → S0) with lifetimes of the order of one ns ith a fluorescence quantum yield of almost 100% [35–37], if the 1 → T1 intersystem crossing rate is small compared to the fluoresence rate....
[...]
TL;DR: In this review, an up-to-date overview is given of photochemical transformations in continuous-flow reactors, including applications in organic synthesis, material science, and water treatment.
Abstract: Continuous-flow photochemistry in microreactors receives a lot of attention from researchers in academia and industry as this technology provides reduced reaction times, higher selectivities, straightforward scalability, and the possibility to safely use hazardous intermediates and gaseous reactants. In this review, an up-to-date overview is given of photochemical transformations in continuous-flow reactors, including applications in organic synthesis, material science, and water treatment. In addition, the advantages of continuous-flow photochemistry are pointed out and a thorough comparison with batch processing is presented.
1,027 citations
References
More filters
Book•
01 Jan 1973TL;DR: CRC handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC handbook as discussed by the authors, CRC Handbook for Chemistry and Physiology, CRC Handbook for Physics,
Abstract: CRC handbook of chemistry and physics , CRC handbook of chemistry and physics , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
52,268 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1979
TL;DR: In this paper, the book is the window to get in the world and you can open the world easily, and these wise words are really familiar with you, so bring home now the book enPDFd substituent constants for correlation analysis in chemistry and biology to be your sources when going to read.
Abstract: Bring home now the book enPDFd substituent constants for correlation analysis in chemistry and biology to be your sources when going to read. It can be your new collection to not only display in your racks but also be the one that can help you fining the best sources. As in common, book is the window to get in the world and you can open the world easily. These wise words are really familiar with you, isn't it?
3,169 citations
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: This new edition comes 16 years after the previous one, and it has about 30% more pages The format remains the same: tables of compounds arranged by structural type list all manner of useful properties, including not only melting and boiling points but density, refractive index, heat capacity, dielectric constant, etc as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: This new edition comes 16 years after the previous one, and it has about 30% more pages The format remains the same: tables of compounds arranged by structural type list all manner of useful properties, including not only melting and boiling points but density, refractive index, heat capacity, dielectric constant, etc For this edition, six more properties have been added, including compressibility properties and thermal conductivity The second part of the book is devoted, as before, to methods that have been reported for the purification of individual compounds, with the results of the processes Although this is very helpful, it is not as satisfying as it might be, for there is little or no critical evaluation when several methods are described The increased size of this edition is largely due to the inclusion of 150 solvents that were not listed before Another change is in the references (over 7000exclamation), where the method of citing has been altered to match that used in Chemical Abstracts (year, volume, page, rather than volume, page, year) This must have been a lost of work; was the gain in utility really worth it In any event, the publishers are to be commended for having selectedmore » very clearly distinguishable type faces for the numerals used for the year, volume, and pages« less
2,819 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1973
TL;DR: Hammett et al. as discussed by the authors proposed a triplet-state diffusion-controlled triplet state diffusion-controlled rate for photolysis of organic molecules in solution, where triplets are derived from triplets of the triplets.
Abstract: . Photophysics of Organic Molecules in Solution Triplet-State Energies: Ordered Flash Photolysis: Designing Experiments Low Temperature Photophysics of Organic Molecules Ground-State Absorption Spectra ESR and ODMR Parameters of the Triplet State Diffusion-Controlled Rate Constants Rate Constants of Singlet-State Quenching Rate Constants of Triplet-State Quenching Ionization Energies, Electron Affinities, and Redox Potentials of Organic Compounds Bond Dissociation Energies Solvent Properties Chemical Actinometry Transmission Characteristics of Light Filters and Glasses Spectral Distribution of Photochemical Sources Spin-Orbit Coupling Fundamental Constants and Conversion Factors Hammett (T Constants Bibliography and Indexes References Compound Name Index Molecular Formula Index
2,513 citations
Book•
01 Apr 1978
TL;DR: In this article, an extension of the donor-acceptor concept, characterized by the comparison between equilibrium structures in different molecular environments, is presented, in which changes in the positions of the nuclei are taken into account and the question of the nature of the molecular forces is no longer important.
Abstract: Recent developments in various areas of chemistry have been decisively influenced by the principles of structure and mechanism and by the ideas of coordination chemistry, in particular by the donor-acceptor approach, A unified view of almost all kinds of molecular forces is provided by quantum mechanics, and for practical purposes have been classified according to model assumptions, namely, dispersion, polarization, electrostatic, and short-range forces. The latter are divided into two- and three-center covalent chemical bonds, metallic bonds, and exchange-repulsion forces. This approach allows statements of principle and systematic analysis. However, quantitative predictions on concrete large systems are virtually impossible, and there are no general rules that account for structural and chemical changes due to intermolecular interactions. Chemists are therefore left with qualitative descriptions in which the changes in electron densities are considered. Such models as the MO theory or the resonance concept unrealistically assume that the nuclei remain in fixed positions. Further difficulties are encountered in the attempted description on the "nature" of the chemical bond, e.g., the forces involved. In order to avoid these difficulties an extension of the donor-acceptor concept, characterized by the comparison between equilibrium structures in different molecular environments, will be presented in this book. In this way, changes in the positions of the nuclei can be taken into account and the question of the nature of the molecular forces is no longer important.
1,640 citations