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Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change
01 Jan 1986-
TL;DR: The NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program: Where We Began and Where We Are (I. Elkin, et al. as discussed by the authors ) presents a methodology, design, and evaluation in psychotherapy research.
Abstract: Methodology, Design, and Evaluation in Psychotherapy Research (A. Kazdin). Assessing Psychotherapy Outcomes and Processes (M. Lambert & C. Hill). The NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program: Where We Began and Where We Are (I. Elkin). The Effectiveness of Psychotherapy (M. Lambert & A. Bergin). Research on Client Variables in Psychotherapy (S. Garfield). Therapist Variables (L. Beutler, et al.). Process and Outcome in PsychotherapyNoch Einmal (D. Orlinsky, et al.). Behavior Therapy with Adults (P. Emmelkamp). Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies (S. Hollon & A. Beck). Psychodynamic Approaches (W. Henry, et al.). Research on Experiential Psychotherapies (L. Greenberg, et al.). Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents (A. Kazdin). The Process and Outcome of Marital and Family Therapy: Reseach Review and Evaluation (J. Alexander, et al.). Experiential Group Research (R. Bednar & T. Kaul). Research on Brief Psychotherapy (M. Koss & J. Shiang). Behavioral Medicine and Health Psychology (E. Blanchard). Medication and Psychotherapy (G. Klerman, et al.). Research on Psychotherapy with Culturally Diverse Populations (S. Sue, et al.). Overview, Trends, and Future Issues (A. Bergin & S. Garfield). Indexes.
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TL;DR: The strengths perspective and resilience literature suggest that social workers may learn from those people who survive and in some cases flourish in the face of oppression, illness, demoralization, and abuse as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The strengths perspective and resilience literature suggest that social workers
may learn from those people who survive and in some cases flourish in the face of
oppression, illness, demoralization, and abuse. Social workers need to know what
steps these natural survivors have taken, what processes they have adopted, and
what resources they have used. In this article, written specifically for Advances in
Social Work, Dennis Saleebey discusses the central tenets of strengths-based practice.
118 citations
TL;DR: The authors reviewed the literature on the influence on behavior change of therapist features, clients' perceptions, and the therapeutic alliance among the many therapist features identified as helpful are empathy, warmth, and being directive and rewarding.
Abstract: How critical is the therapeutic alliance in the treatment of sexual offenders? To date such process issues have been neglected in the field of sex offender treatment. This article reviews the literature on the influence on behavior change of therapist features, clients' perceptions, and the therapeutic alliance Among the many therapist features identified as helpful are empathy, warmth, and being directive and rewarding. Therapists who are aggressively confrontational appear not to foster beneficial changes in their clients. These issues are directly related to treatment issues faced by therapists who work with sexual offenders, such as dealing with cognitive distortions, lack of empathy, and lack of motivation to change.
118 citations
Cites background from "Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behav..."
...Assisting clients in actively participating during treatment is associated with both successful completion of treatment and positive outcomes at follow-up assessments (Garfield & Bergin, 1986)....
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TL;DR: Goldman et al. as mentioned in this paper reviewed both the evolving understanding of the role of emotion in human functioning and the evidence for the important role of emotions in psychotherapy, and a set of empirically grounded principles of emotional change is proposed.
Abstract: Theory and research on emotion in both psychology and psychotherapy are reviewed to demonstrate the importance of emotion in human functioning and psychotherapeutic change. A proposal is made for the importance of integrating empirically supported emotion-focused change processes into psychotherapeutic work. Five principles of change in the emotion domain-emotion awareness; expression; regulation; reflection on emotion; and the more novel principle of emotion transformation, by which emotion is changed by emotion-are offered as processes of change that are rapidly gathering empirical support. The result of emotion coming of age will be the expansion of theories of dysfunction and of treatment to include emotion-focused coping and emotional processes of change. Keywords: emotion, emotion-focused therapy, awareness, regulation transformation This article reviews both the evolving understanding of the role of emotion in human functioning and the evidence for the important role of emotion in psychotherapy, and a set of empirically grounded principles of emotional change is proposed. Given that emotion now is seen as information, as signalling the significance of the situation to a person's well being, and given that affect regulation is seen as a key human motivation, it has become clear that emotion needs to be focused on, accepted and worked with directly in therapy to promote emotional change. (Foa, Riggs, Massie, & Yarczower, 1995; Fosha, 2000; Greenberg, 2002; Goldman, Greenberg, & Angus, in press; Linehan et al., 2002; Samoilov & Goldfried, 2000). The idea that accessing and exploring painful emotions, within the context of a secure therapeutic relationship, leads to therapeutic change has been widely held by several schools of psychotherapy (Bowlby, 1980; Kohut, 1977; Rogers, 1951; Peris, 1969) but has been difficult to prove. However over the past decade, newer therapeutic approaches that treat affect as a primary target of intervention, within the context of an empathie relationship, have been developed, tested, and shown to be effective in the treatment of affective disorders, personality disorders, and trauma (Goldman et al., in press; Svartberg, Stiles, & Seltzer, 2004). Emotions as an Adaptive Resource Until recently, the prevalent commonsense view of emotion, endorsed by many, was that emotions were disruptive to functioning, were due to misinterpretation and were to be controlled, tempered, bypassed, or avoided (Beck, 1976). Control of emotion, however, is not always wise or adaptive, and overregulation of emotion, or its avoidance, does not ensure health or happiness. A large volume of research has now been collected on the debilitating physiological effects of not expressing deeply felt emotions (Traue & Pennebaker, 1993). It appears that inhibiting the expression of emotion can lead to impaired immune system function and poorer health on a variety of indices. In addition, there is increasing evidence on the importance of emotion knowledge and emotional intelligence in enhancing social competence and healthy development (Mayer & Salovey, 1997). Emotions are a fundamentally adaptive resource because they involve a meaning system that informs people of the significance of events to their well-being, and they organise people for rapid adaptive action (Frijda, 1986; Izard, 1991; Oatley & Jenkins, 1992; Tomkins, 1963). From birth onward, emotion also is a primary signalling system that communicates intentions and regulates interaction (Sroufe, 1996). Emotion thus regulates self and other and gives life much of its meaning. With the advent of a view of emotion as an adaptive resource, the understanding of its relationship with cognition and its role in human functioning and psychotherapy has changed. This new look has begun to set a new agenda for psychological research-to determine the conditions under which emotions play a determining role in human experience and how this occurs. …
118 citations
TL;DR: The authors identified 5 client groups based on similar progress on the short form versions of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure by analyzing treatment progress using growth mixture modeling up to the 6th session in a sample of 192 outpatients treated under routine clinic conditions.
Abstract: Although improvement of clients' state is a central concern for psychotherapy, relatively little is known about how change in outcome variables unfolds during psychotherapy. Client progress may follow highly variable temporal courses, and this variation in treatment courses may have important clinical implications. By analyzing treatment progress using growth mixture modeling up to the 6th session in a sample of 192 outpatients treated under routine clinic conditions, the authors identified 5 client groups based on similar progress on the short form versions of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure. The shapes of early change typical for these client groups were characterized by (a) high initial impairment, (b) low initial impairment, (c) early improvement, (d) medium impairment with continuous treatment progress, or (e) medium impairment with discontinuous treatment progress. Moreover, the shapes of early change were associated with different treatment outcomes and durations, and several intake variables (depression, anxiety, and age) enabled prediction of the shape of early change and/or prediction of individual treatment progress within client groups with similar shapes of change.
117 citations
117 citations
Cites background from "Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behav..."
...The current ipse dixit that placebo control studies are the sine qua non of scientific psychotherapy outcome research is accompanied by growlings and yowlings reminiscent of those evoked during the earlier spontaneous remission dispute (eg, on one side, Eysenck, 1952, 1966; Levitt, 1957, 1963; Rachman, 1971; and on the other side, Bergin, 1971; Bergin & Lambert, 1978; Kiesler, 1966; Luborsky, 1954; Luborsky, Singer, & Luborsky, 1975; Rosenzweig, 1954; Sloane, Staples, Cristol, Yorkston, & Whipple, 1975; Strupp, 1964; Subotnik, 1972)....
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