Book•
Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change
01 Jan 1986-
TL;DR: The NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program: Where We Began and Where We Are (I. Elkin, et al. as discussed by the authors ) presents a methodology, design, and evaluation in psychotherapy research.
Abstract: Methodology, Design, and Evaluation in Psychotherapy Research (A. Kazdin). Assessing Psychotherapy Outcomes and Processes (M. Lambert & C. Hill). The NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program: Where We Began and Where We Are (I. Elkin). The Effectiveness of Psychotherapy (M. Lambert & A. Bergin). Research on Client Variables in Psychotherapy (S. Garfield). Therapist Variables (L. Beutler, et al.). Process and Outcome in PsychotherapyNoch Einmal (D. Orlinsky, et al.). Behavior Therapy with Adults (P. Emmelkamp). Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies (S. Hollon & A. Beck). Psychodynamic Approaches (W. Henry, et al.). Research on Experiential Psychotherapies (L. Greenberg, et al.). Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents (A. Kazdin). The Process and Outcome of Marital and Family Therapy: Reseach Review and Evaluation (J. Alexander, et al.). Experiential Group Research (R. Bednar & T. Kaul). Research on Brief Psychotherapy (M. Koss & J. Shiang). Behavioral Medicine and Health Psychology (E. Blanchard). Medication and Psychotherapy (G. Klerman, et al.). Research on Psychotherapy with Culturally Diverse Populations (S. Sue, et al.). Overview, Trends, and Future Issues (A. Bergin & S. Garfield). Indexes.
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TL;DR: This paper reviewed the literature addressing four process issues associated with the effectiveness of treatment for offenders: therapist characteristics, clients' perceptions of the therapist, therapeutic alliance, and group climate of treatment.
112Â citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that altered physiological responding to relevant threat cues may be related to individuals' ability to identify and react to threatening sexual situations.
112Â citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that high-carbohydrate foods do not provoke hyperactivity, contrary to popular beliefs, and support is provided for the hypothesis that carbohydrates and tryptophan function similarly and like drugs that modify brain biochemistry and accompanying mood and behavior.
Abstract: In this methodological review, we examine the behavioral effects of carbohydrates and tryptophan and conclude that high-carbohydrate foods do not provoke hyperactivity, contrary to popular beliefs. Unbalanced carbohydrate meals, however, often induce fatigue and can impair performance among both children and adults. Although tryptophan hastens sleep onset, dulls pain sensitivity, and may reduce aggressiveness, it is unclear whether similar effects can be obtained through carbohydrate ingestion. We provide support for the hypothesis that carbohydrates and tryptophan function similarly and like drugs that modify brain biochemistry and accompanying mood and behavior. We also examine implications for clinical populations who selectively crave carbohydrates. Despite professional skepticism, both anecdotal and empirical evidence continue to suggest that foods affect behavior. The empirical literature has now grown sufficiently to evaluate the validity of beliefs about one nutrient category, carbohydrates. Claims about the psychological effects of carbohydrates, especially sugar, are multiple. They range from the assumption that sugar enhances activity and aggression, to the premise that sugar has an energizing effect on behavior, to the assertion that sugar induces an anxious or depressed mood. Scientific evaluation and dissemination of accurate information about diet-behavior relations may lead to beneficial applications. They may also help to dispel folk wisdoms that can justify ineffective or even harmful health practices. Recent clinical research suggests that certain population subgroups selectively crave carbohydrates, usually as snack foods. Examples include some proportion of individuals with obesity (Hopkinson & Bland, 1982; Wurtmanetal., 1985), postpartum depression (Dalton, 1980), seasonal affective disorder (Rosenthai et al., 1984) and nicotine withdrawal (Grunberg, 1982). It is possible that these individuals are unwittingly practicing selfmedication, using carbohydrates to induce desired effects on mood and behavior. To evaluate this possibility, one must define the effects of carbohydrates on mood and behavior. To provide a rationale and interpretive framework for the empirical literature, we first examine possible mechanisms to explain the acute behavioral effects of carbohydrates. In the second section, we review findings from empirical studies of children, in which hyperactivity and associated performance impairments have been the most studied dependent variables. In the third section, we focus on studies of adults, including the effects of carbohydrate or tryptophan on mood, performance, pain, and sleep. We evaluate results with reference to methodological factors that could contribute to discrepant conclusions. These factors include research design, sample characteristics,
111Â citations
Cites background from "Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behav..."
...However, because placebo effects operate most powerfully in the context of a client-therapist relationship (Shapiro, 1971), one would expect placebo effects to play a greater role when dietary interventions constitute a formal treatment program....
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TL;DR: It was found that the most recent empirical literature has compared OR across diagnostic groups or evaluated therapy process and outcome by the quality of one's OR.
110Â citations
TL;DR: In this article, a quasi-experimental design was used to examine the effectiveness of motivational enhancement techniques in increasing session attendance and reducing dropout among 189 men undergoing group domestic abuse counseling.
Abstract: A quasi-experimental design was used to examine the effectiveness of motivational enhancement techniques in increasing session attendance and reducing dropout among 189 men undergoing group domestic abuse counseling. The treatment retention procedures were associated with significantly greater session attendance and lower dropout rates even after controlling for demographic factors. Increased session attendance was associated with lower posttreatment relationship violence and criminal recidivism among those who received the treatment retention intervention. The intervention appeared to be particularly effective with ethnic minority clients. Findings indicate that supportive treatment retention procedures during the course of therapy can reduce the high dropout rates commonly reported in counseling programs for male domestic abuse perpetrators.
110Â citations
Cites background from "Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behav..."
...The limited research in this area has examined the effectiveness of pregroup interventions, which generally have been found to enhance retention with other treatment populations (see Garfield, 1994, for a review)....
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