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Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change
01 Jan 1986-
TL;DR: The NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program: Where We Began and Where We Are (I. Elkin, et al. as discussed by the authors ) presents a methodology, design, and evaluation in psychotherapy research.
Abstract: Methodology, Design, and Evaluation in Psychotherapy Research (A. Kazdin). Assessing Psychotherapy Outcomes and Processes (M. Lambert & C. Hill). The NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program: Where We Began and Where We Are (I. Elkin). The Effectiveness of Psychotherapy (M. Lambert & A. Bergin). Research on Client Variables in Psychotherapy (S. Garfield). Therapist Variables (L. Beutler, et al.). Process and Outcome in PsychotherapyNoch Einmal (D. Orlinsky, et al.). Behavior Therapy with Adults (P. Emmelkamp). Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies (S. Hollon & A. Beck). Psychodynamic Approaches (W. Henry, et al.). Research on Experiential Psychotherapies (L. Greenberg, et al.). Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents (A. Kazdin). The Process and Outcome of Marital and Family Therapy: Reseach Review and Evaluation (J. Alexander, et al.). Experiential Group Research (R. Bednar & T. Kaul). Research on Brief Psychotherapy (M. Koss & J. Shiang). Behavioral Medicine and Health Psychology (E. Blanchard). Medication and Psychotherapy (G. Klerman, et al.). Research on Psychotherapy with Culturally Diverse Populations (S. Sue, et al.). Overview, Trends, and Future Issues (A. Bergin & S. Garfield). Indexes.
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01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: In this article, administrative, practice, and technical issues are addressed through a joint effort between academically based researchers and administrators from two large managed health care organizations.
Abstract: Accountability, cost effectiveness, and continuous quality improvement are essential features of all managed health care systems. However, application of these principles to mental health treatments has lagged behind other health care services. In this article, administrative, practice, and technical issues are addressed through a joint effort between academically based researchers and administrators from two large managed health care organizations. Principles related to the measurement of outcome, instrument selection, and obstacles to the implementation of an ongoing program to assess mental health treatment outcomes are identified. Finally, principles for successfully changing mental health provider behavior toward outcome assessment and the implications of such for mental health delivery systems are discussed.
108 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the literature relating to affective and cognitive processes in close relationships is briefly reviewed to illustrate the existence of two virtually independent literatures, and it is argued that current approaches to research therefore hinder a comprehensive understanding of close relationships.
Abstract: Research relating to affective and cognitive processes in close relationships is briefly reviewed to illustrate the existence of two virtually independent literatures. It is argued that current approaches to research therefore hinder a comprehensive understanding of close relationships. To initiate an integration of affect and cognition in this domain, central findings are re-analysed with the intent of bringing a cognitive perspective to bear on ostensibly affective research, and vice versa. Several propositions specifying the interdependence of affect and cognition are outlined, and a preliminary model of affective and cognitive processing of behavioural events in marital interaction is introduced and illustrated.
107 citations
TL;DR: This commentary focuses on the effectiveness of the more controversial use of psychodynamic and cognitive–behavioral psychotherapy with people who have mental retardation.
Abstract: In What Works for Whom, Roth and Fonagy (1996) provided a critical review of the evidence base for psychotherapy. The key findings are that there is good evidence for the efficacy of psychotherapies, but there was more evidence for cognitive–behavioral than for psychodynamic psychotherapy. References to research with people who have mental retardation, however, were notably absent from the review. The Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change (Bergin & Garfield, 1994), published 2 years earlier, did not contain any reference to people with mental retardation at all. There is a statement in Roth and Fonagy in relation to people with mental retardation: ‘‘Although there are reports of effective psychodynamic treatment (e.g., Sinason, 1992), systematic outcome research has focused on behavioral training techniques’’ (Target & Fonagy, 1996, p. 312). There was no comment on cognitive–behavioral psychotherapy or any other approaches, which probably reflects the state of the research literature at the time. Psychological treatments provided and researched for people with mental retardation then were either behavior modification or behavioral skills training. These approaches lie outside the scope of reviewers of psychotherapy research, whose main interests are cognitive and psychodynamically based treatments for mental health concerns. Reviewers of psychotherapy with people who have mental retardation published in the mid-1990s only found case studies on the use of psychodynamic psychotherapy, and only two reports of cognitive–behavioral psychotherapy for mental health issues (Hurley, Pfadt, Tomasulo, & Gardner, 1996; Nezu & Nezu, 1994). The reference to Sinason (1992) in Roth and Fonagy (1996) is also surprising because she did not report any data on effectiveness. In a more recent review of the effectiveness of psychotherapy with people who have mental retardation, Prout and Nowak-Drabik (2003), covering the period 1968 to 1998, found 92 reports. Their definition of psychotherapy was fairly broad and included a range of behavioral interventions, including relaxation, desensitization, and various skills training interventions. They concluded that the area is dominated by case studies, with few controlled comparisons or clinical trials. Cognitive–behavioral and psychodynamic interventions only accounted for 28% of the reports reviewed. The largest proportion of the theoretical orientation of the 92 studies could not be determined (37%), and a further third were behavioral interventions. Only 9 studies contained sufficient data for inclusion in a meta-analysis, yielding a mean effect size of 1.01. All but one of these were behavioral interventions. However, in view of the wide acceptance of the effectiveness of behavioral interventions, it is surprising that only 8 were found. The 92 studies were reviewed by an expert panel, which concluded that psychotherapy effects are modest with persons who have mental retardation. The reviewers could only indicate that the effects could be demonstrated across theoretical approaches. This commentary focuses on the effectiveness of the more controversial use of psychodynamic and cognitive–behavioral psychotherapy with people who have mental retardation. The progress, or lack of it, since the publication of What Works for Whom? is considered.
106 citations
TL;DR: Obsessive–compulsive disorder is a chronic disabling disease with profound implications for social functioning and conventional treatment and alternative treatment options for this population were investigated.
Abstract: Objective: Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic disabling disease with profound implications for social functioning. Thirty per cent of all patients with OCD show insufficient improvement with state-of-the-art treatment. Conventional treatment and alternative treatment options for this population were investigated.
Method: A selective review of the relevant scientific literature on OCD treatment and treatment resistance was conducted.
Results: In addition to serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) and cognitive-behavioural therapy, alternative monotherapies, SRI augmentation strategies with a variety of drugs and electroconvulsive therapy have shown results in individual cases, but no conclusive evidence has been found in placebo-controlled trials. While studies investigating neurosurgery for refractory OCD show positive results, most of these studies have methodological shortcomings.
Conclusion: Novel approaches currently under investigation that have shown promising effects for treatment-resistant OCD include SRI augmentation with atypical antipsychotics and chronic deep brain stimulation, a new surgical technique. Placebo-controlled trials for both treatment options will be needed to confirm preliminary findings.
106 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that the negative emotional arousal that accompanies activation of depressive schemata may be a component of natural recovery from depression.
106 citations