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Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change
01 Jan 1986-
TL;DR: The NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program: Where We Began and Where We Are (I. Elkin, et al. as discussed by the authors ) presents a methodology, design, and evaluation in psychotherapy research.
Abstract: Methodology, Design, and Evaluation in Psychotherapy Research (A. Kazdin). Assessing Psychotherapy Outcomes and Processes (M. Lambert & C. Hill). The NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program: Where We Began and Where We Are (I. Elkin). The Effectiveness of Psychotherapy (M. Lambert & A. Bergin). Research on Client Variables in Psychotherapy (S. Garfield). Therapist Variables (L. Beutler, et al.). Process and Outcome in PsychotherapyNoch Einmal (D. Orlinsky, et al.). Behavior Therapy with Adults (P. Emmelkamp). Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies (S. Hollon & A. Beck). Psychodynamic Approaches (W. Henry, et al.). Research on Experiential Psychotherapies (L. Greenberg, et al.). Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents (A. Kazdin). The Process and Outcome of Marital and Family Therapy: Reseach Review and Evaluation (J. Alexander, et al.). Experiential Group Research (R. Bednar & T. Kaul). Research on Brief Psychotherapy (M. Koss & J. Shiang). Behavioral Medicine and Health Psychology (E. Blanchard). Medication and Psychotherapy (G. Klerman, et al.). Research on Psychotherapy with Culturally Diverse Populations (S. Sue, et al.). Overview, Trends, and Future Issues (A. Bergin & S. Garfield). Indexes.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose that psychotherapy researchers, theoreticians, and practitioners can better understand the process and action of psychotherapy if they are acquainted with the types of experience clients have in therapy.
249Â citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that mandated BMIs can reduce alcohol problems in students referred for alcohol violations and process measures confirmed the integrity of both interventions.
Abstract: Encouraging but limited research indicates that brief motivational interventions may be an effective way to reduce heavy episodic drinking in college students. At 2 campuses, students (83% male) mandated to a substance use prevention program were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 individually administered conditions: (a) a brief motivational interview (BMI; n = 34) or (b) an alcohol education session (AE; n = 30). Students in the BMI condition reported fewer alcohol-related problems than the AE students at 3-and 6-month assessments. Trends toward reductions in number of binge drinking episodes and typical blood alcohol levels were seen in both groups. Process measures confirmed the integrity of both interventions. The findings demonstrate that mandated BMIs can reduce alcohol problems in students referred for alcohol violations.
247Â citations
Cites background from "Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behav..."
...Two undergraduate psychology majors prepared for integrity ratings by following established guidelines (Lambert & Hill, 1994)....
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TL;DR: There is not enough evidence from well controlled scientific studies at this time to support the effectiveness of EEG biofeedback for AD/HD children, concluded Barkley (1992), who criticized studies that used small numbers of subjects, lacked appropriate control groups, confounded treatment effects by using multiple interventions, and employed outcome measures susceptible to practice and/or placebo effects.
Abstract: The study compared treatment programs with EEG biofeedback or stimulants as their primary components. An EEG group (EEG) was matched with a stimulant group (MED) by age, IQ, gender and diagnosis. The Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) was administered pre and post treatment. EEG and MED groups improved (p 0.3) on TOVA change scores. The EEG biofeedback program is an effective alternative to stimulants and may be the treatment of choice when medication is ineffective, has side effects, or compliance is a problem. The purpose of the study was to examine the efficacy of 20 sessions of EEG biofeedback in reducing AD/HD symptoms and to compare the results with those obtained with psycho stimulant medication. Psychostimulants are the most widely used treatment for AD/HD (Barkley, 1990). In order to be a widely accepted alternative to medication, EEG biofeedback must be able to produce equivalent symptom reduction. Reports documenting the use of EEG biofeedback in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) began to appear in the literature in the mid 1970's (Lubar & Shouse, 1976). In recent years the use of this treatment has become more widespread and has received increasing attention from the professional community and the public. The increased professional interest may be due to a number of factors including the reported effectiveness of the treatment, the availability of relatively inexpensive, high quality, quantitative EEG equipment, an expanding number of opportunities for training in the use of EEG biofeedback, and the emergence of scientific interest groups that have facilitated the promulgation of information in this area. With increasing exposure, EEG biofeedback has been subject to greater scrutiny from the biofeedback community as well as professions dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of AD/HD. Barkley (1992, p. 10) concluded that "there is not enough evidence from well controlled scientific studies at this time to support the effectiveness of EEG biofeedback for AD/HD children." He criticized studies that used small numbers of subjects, lacked appropriate control groups, used diagnostic criteria that were unspecified or ambiguous, confounded treatment effects by using multiple interventions (e.g., academic tutoring, self control training, etc.), and employed outcome measures susceptible to practice and/or placebo effects. Some of Barkley's criticisms are valid (Lubar, 1993) and are being addressed by controlled studies using larger numbers of subjects. Linden, Habib, & Radcjevic (in press), using a waiting list control, demonstrated that 40 sessions of EEG biofeedback resulted in significant increases in IQ and reductions in
246Â citations
TL;DR: Insight into the therapeutic relationship in group psychotherapy requires an understanding of the treatment context and the aggregate of member-leader, member-member, and member-group relationships is examined.
Abstract: Insight into the therapeutic relationship in group psychotherapy requires an understanding of the treatment context. Cohesion is defined as the therapeutic relationship in group psychotherapy emerging from the aggregate of member-leader, member-member, and member-group relationships. Using this defi
244Â citations
Cites background from "Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behav..."
...Although the cohesion literature suffers from definitional challenges (Bednar & Kaul, 1994; Drescher, Burlingame, & Fuhriman, 1985), most have concluded that it has a strong positive relationship with patient improvement (Tschuschke & Dies, 1994)....
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TL;DR: A meta-analysis of 111 experimental and quasi-experimental studies published over the past 20 years showed that the average recipient of group treatment is better off than 72% of untreated controls as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The differential effectiveness of group psychotherapy was estimated in a meta-analysis of 111 experimental and quasi-experimental studies published over the past 20 years. A number of client, therapist, group, and methodological variables were examined in an attempt to determine specific as well as generic effectiveness. Three different effect sizes were computed: active versus wait list, active versus alternative treatment, and pre- to posttreatment improvement rates. The active versus wait list overall effect size (0.58) indicated that the average recipient of group treatment is better off than 72% of untreated controls. Improvement was related to group composition, setting, and diagnosis. Findings are discussed within the context of what the authors have learned about group treatment, meta-analytic studies of the extant group literature, and what remains for future research. Researchers’ understanding regarding the effectiveness of group psychotherapy has evolved over the past century. Case studies and anecdotal reports characterized the group literature in the first half of the 20th century, with the first comparative studies emerging in the 1960s (Barlow, Burlingame, & Fuhriman, 2000). Early reviews (Pattison, 1965; Rickard, 1962; Stotsky & Zolik, 1965) concluded that group therapy was a helpful adjunctive treatment, although little empirical evidence supported its use as a robust independent treatment. Reviewers in the latter part of that decade (Anderson, 1968; Mann, 1966) began to give group a heartier endorsement, describing it as capable of producing objectively measurable change in patient attitude, personality, and behavior. Throughout the 1970s, researchers repeatedly concluded that group outcomes were consistently superior to those of control groups (Bed
243Â citations
Additional excerpts
...Throughout the 1970s, researchers repeatedly concluded that group outcomes were consistently superior to those of control groups (Bednar & Kaul, 1978; Emrick, 1975; Lieberman, 1976; Luborsky, Singer, & Luborsky, 1975; Meltzoff & Kornreich, 1970)....
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