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Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change

TL;DR: The NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program: Where We Began and Where We Are (I. Elkin, et al. as discussed by the authors ) presents a methodology, design, and evaluation in psychotherapy research.
Abstract: Methodology, Design, and Evaluation in Psychotherapy Research (A. Kazdin). Assessing Psychotherapy Outcomes and Processes (M. Lambert & C. Hill). The NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program: Where We Began and Where We Are (I. Elkin). The Effectiveness of Psychotherapy (M. Lambert & A. Bergin). Research on Client Variables in Psychotherapy (S. Garfield). Therapist Variables (L. Beutler, et al.). Process and Outcome in PsychotherapyNoch Einmal (D. Orlinsky, et al.). Behavior Therapy with Adults (P. Emmelkamp). Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies (S. Hollon & A. Beck). Psychodynamic Approaches (W. Henry, et al.). Research on Experiential Psychotherapies (L. Greenberg, et al.). Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents (A. Kazdin). The Process and Outcome of Marital and Family Therapy: Reseach Review and Evaluation (J. Alexander, et al.). Experiential Group Research (R. Bednar & T. Kaul). Research on Brief Psychotherapy (M. Koss & J. Shiang). Behavioral Medicine and Health Psychology (E. Blanchard). Medication and Psychotherapy (G. Klerman, et al.). Research on Psychotherapy with Culturally Diverse Populations (S. Sue, et al.). Overview, Trends, and Future Issues (A. Bergin & S. Garfield). Indexes.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Structural family therapy was more effective than psychodynamic child therapy in protecting the integrity of the family at 1-year follow-up and the results did not support basic assumptions of structural family systems therapy regarding the mechanisms mediating symptom reduction.
Abstract: Structural family therapy, psychodynamic child therapy, and a recreational control condition were compared for 69 six-to-twelve-year-old Hispanic boys who presented with behavioral and emotional problems. The results suggest that the control condition was significantly less effective in retaining cases than the two treatment conditions, which were apparently equivalent in reducing behavioral and emotional problems as well as in improving psychodynamic ratings of child functioning. Structural family therapy was more effective than psychodynamic child therapy in protecting the integrity of the family at 1-year follow-up. Finally, the results did not support basic assumptions of structural family systems therapy regarding the mechanisms mediating symptom reduction.

220 citations


Cites background from "Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behav..."

  • ...According to a review by Gurman, Kniskern, and Pinsof (1986), family therapy is as effective as individual treatments....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors suggest that trainers and supervisors tentatively consider training implications linked to clinical observations and theoretical assertions, such as the premature use of clinical interpretations, with the assumption that more confidence in such therapeutic guidelines can be gained when they are supported by multiple knowledge sources.
Abstract: The goal of this article is to delineate training implications regarding harmful effects associated with psychotherapy. The authors strongly recommend that trainees be made aware of (and encouraged to examine carefully) the potentially harmful treatments that have been recently identified (Lilienfeld, 2007). Consistent with a broad perspective on evidence-based practice, it is also argued that additional guidelines for the prevention and repair of harmful impacts can be derived from psychotherapy research on process (technique and relationship) and participant (client and therapist) variables. For example, rigid adherence to the application of psychotherapy techniques can be a potentially harmful therapist behavior that necessitates careful training on the nature and flexible use of interventions. Furthermore, the authors suggest that trainers and supervisors tentatively consider training implications linked to clinical observations and theoretical assertions, such as the premature use of clinical interpretations, with the assumption that more confidence in such therapeutic guidelines can be gained when they are supported by multiple knowledge sources (empirical, clinical, conceptual). Finally, training implications related to the monitoring of harmful effects in terms of treatment outcome and process are demarcated.

219 citations


Cites background from "Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behav..."

  • ...For example, Allen Bergin, who ironically provided one of the most convincing rebuttals to Eysenck’s (1952) challenge of psychotherapy’s effectiveness (Bergin, 1971), also offered the first systematic analysis of psychotherapy deterioration (Bergin, 1966; see also Lambert, Gurman, & Richards, in press)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new measure, the Group Questionnaire, is introduced, which elucidates group relationships by suggesting two latent factors of cohesion-relationship quality (positive bond, positive work, and negative relationship) and structure factors (member-leader and member-member).
Abstract: Cohesion is the most popular of several relationship constructs in the clinical and empirical group therapy literature. This article reviews the most frequently cited definitions and studied measures of group cohesion. We briefly introduce a new measure, the Group Questionnaire, which elucidates group relationships by suggesting two latent factors of cohesion-relationship quality (positive bond, positive work, and negative relationship) and structure factors (member-leader and member-member). To further understand the literature, we conducted a meta-analysis examining the relationship between cohesion and treatment outcome in 40 studies. Results indicate cohesion that the weighted aggregate correlation was statistically significant with outcome r = .25, k (40), N (3,323), z = 6.54 (p < .05) with a 95% confidence interval of .17 to .32. In addition, five moderator variables were found to significantly predict the magnitude of the cohesion outcome correlation (age, theoretical orientation, length, and size of group, as well as interventions intended to enhance cohesion). Consideration of measures and practices to improve treatment outcome are highlighted.

218 citations


Cites background from "Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behav..."

  • ...At different times, reviewers have pled for definitional clarity, with two noting that “there is little cohesion in the cohesion research” (Bednar & Kaul, 1978, p, 800)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although outcomes were generally equivalent for the 2 treatments, there was a significantly greater decrease in clients' self-reports of their interpersonal problems in process-experiential than cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Abstract: This study compared process-experiential and cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy in the treatment of major depression in a researcher allegiance-balanced randomized clinical trial. Sixty-six clients participated in weekly sessions of psychotherapy for 16 weeks. Clients' level of depression, self-esteem, general symptom distress, and dysfunctional attitudes significantly improved in both therapy groups. Clients in both groups showed significantly lower levels of reactive and suppressive coping strategies and higher reflective coping at the end of treatment. Although outcomes were generally equivalent for the 2 treatments, there was a significantly greater decrease in clients' self-reports of their interpersonal problems in process-experiential than cognitive-behavioral therapy.

218 citations


Cites background from "Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behav..."

  • ...Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of CBT in the treatment of depression with outpatient samples (Dobson, 1989; Elkin et al,, 1989; Hollon & Beck, 1994; Hollon, Shelton, & Loosen, 1991; Jacobson et al,, 1996; Robinson, Berman, & Neimeyer 1990; Rush, Beck, Kovacs, & Hollon, 1977; Shapiro & Firth, 1987; Shaw, 1979)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that internalizing disorders in children and adolescents are highly prevalent, frequently comorbid with other childhood disorders, and, arguably so, persistent over time.
Abstract: This review examines the role of longitudinal data in the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of internalizing disorders in children and adolescents On the basis of the limited longitudinal data available, it is suggested that internalizing disorders in children and adolescents are highly prevalent, frequently comorbid with other childhood disorders, and, arguably so, persistent over time However, it is also noted that a considerable amount of instability characterizes these disorders and that the developmental course is not fully understood at this time In addition, these disorders are responsive to treatment, at least on a short-term basis Finally, a plea is made for longitudinal studies that use a developmental perspective in examining internalizing disorders in children and adolescents

218 citations


Cites background from "Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behav..."

  • ...A few years ago, Ollendick (1986) reviewed the extant literature on the treatment of internalizing disorders and found only four well-controlled treatment outcome studies that used behavioral or cognitive–behavioral interventions and that reported longitudinal follow-up data of at least 1-year duration (Blagg & Yule, 1984; Butler, Miezitis, Friedman, & Cole, 1980; Graziano & Mooney, 1982; Miller, Barrett, Hampe, & Noble, 1972)....

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