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Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change
01 Jan 1986-
TL;DR: The NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program: Where We Began and Where We Are (I. Elkin, et al. as discussed by the authors ) presents a methodology, design, and evaluation in psychotherapy research.
Abstract: Methodology, Design, and Evaluation in Psychotherapy Research (A. Kazdin). Assessing Psychotherapy Outcomes and Processes (M. Lambert & C. Hill). The NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program: Where We Began and Where We Are (I. Elkin). The Effectiveness of Psychotherapy (M. Lambert & A. Bergin). Research on Client Variables in Psychotherapy (S. Garfield). Therapist Variables (L. Beutler, et al.). Process and Outcome in PsychotherapyNoch Einmal (D. Orlinsky, et al.). Behavior Therapy with Adults (P. Emmelkamp). Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies (S. Hollon & A. Beck). Psychodynamic Approaches (W. Henry, et al.). Research on Experiential Psychotherapies (L. Greenberg, et al.). Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents (A. Kazdin). The Process and Outcome of Marital and Family Therapy: Reseach Review and Evaluation (J. Alexander, et al.). Experiential Group Research (R. Bednar & T. Kaul). Research on Brief Psychotherapy (M. Koss & J. Shiang). Behavioral Medicine and Health Psychology (E. Blanchard). Medication and Psychotherapy (G. Klerman, et al.). Research on Psychotherapy with Culturally Diverse Populations (S. Sue, et al.). Overview, Trends, and Future Issues (A. Bergin & S. Garfield). Indexes.
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TL;DR: Stronger early alliances and rupture-repair episodes predicted more improvement in symptoms of personality disorder and depression and points to potentially important areas to target in treatment development for these personality disorders.
Abstract: Participants were 30 adult outpatients diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder or obsessive-compulsive personality disorder who enrolled in an open trial of cognitive therapy for personality disorders. Treatment consisted of up to 52 weekly sessions. Symptom evaluations were conducted at intake, at Sessions 17 and 34, and at the last session. Alliance variables were patients' first alliance rating and "rupture-repair" episodes, which are disruptions in the therapeutic relationship that can provide corrective experiences and facilitate change. Stronger early alliances and rupture-repair episodes predicted more improvement in symptoms of personality disorder and depression. This work points to potentially important areas to target in treatment development for these personality disorders.
197 citations
Cites background from "Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behav..."
...Empirical reviews (Horvath & Bedi, 2002; Orlinsky, Grawe, & Parks, 1994) and meta-analytic studies (Horvath & Symonds, 1991; Martin, Garske, & Davis, 2000) support a consistent relation between the quality of the therapeutic alliance and outcomes across a range of treatment orientations....
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TL;DR: It is clear that Eysenck overstated the case against psychoanalysis and dynamic psychotherapy (Bergin, 1971), while inflating the magnitude of improvement in untreated individuals (Lambert, 1976).
Abstract: Fifty years after the 1963 debate between Strupp and Eysenck, as recorded in their articles in Psychotherapy, it is clear that Eysenck overstated the case against psychoanalysis and dynamic psychotherapy (Bergin, 1971), while inflating the magnitude of improvement in untreated individuals (Lambert, 1976). Eysenck was probably correct about the beneficial effects of behavior therapies, but did not foresee that behavior therapy would be supplanted by cognitive behavior therapies (CBT) and eclectic mixtures of CBT that incorporate elements of eastern religion, humanistic interventions, and psychodynamic constructs. Fortunately, most of the treatments that have been tested in rigorous investigations have been found to be effective, but few have distinguished themselves as uniquely superior. Many of the problems of how to measure the effects of treatment have been solved and suggest that about two thirds of treated individuals improve or recover. This leaves a sizable portion of nonresponding individuals, but emerging methods involving in tracking treatment response are being used to decrease deterioration and enhance positive outcomes.
197 citations
TL;DR: CRAFT provides a promising alternative to confrontational and detachment approaches in counseling CSOs to help their loved ones and reports abstinence both from illicit drugs and alcohol increased significantly for drug users engaged in treatment, but not for unengaged cases.
197 citations
TL;DR: Although the CWD-A appears to be an effective acute treatment for depression in adolescents with multiple disorders, findings emphasize the need to improve long-term outcomes for depressed adolescents with psychiatric comorbidity and imply that interventions for comorbrid populations focus directly on each specific disorder.
Abstract: Objective To evaluate effectiveness of the Adolescent Coping With Depression (CWD-A) course, a cognitive-behavioral group intervention for depressed adolescents with comorbid conduct disorder. Method Between 1998 and 2001, 93 nonincarcerated adolescents (ages 13–17 years) meeting criteria for major depressive disorder and conduct disorder were recruited from a county juvenile justice department and randomly assigned to the CWD-A or a life skills/tutoring control condition. Participants were assessed post-treatment and at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Dichotomous outcomes were analyzed with logistic regression; dimensional measures were analyzed using random effects regression. Results Major depressive disorder recovery rates post-treatment were greater in CWD-A (39%) compared with life skills/tutoring control (19%) (odds ratio 2.66, 95% confidence interval=1.03–6.85). CWD-A participants reported greater reductions in Beck Depression Inventory-II ( r 2 = 0.055, p = .033) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ( r 2 = 0.047, p = .039) scores and improved social functioning ( r 2 = 0.064, p = .019) post-treatment. Group differences in major depressive disorder recovery rates at 6- and 12-month follow-up were nonsignificant, as were differences in conduct disorder both post-treatment and during follow-up. Conclusions This is the first randomized, controlled trial of a psychosocial intervention with adolescents with major depressive disorder and conduct disorder. Although the CWD-A appears to be an effective acute treatment for depression in adolescents with multiple disorders, findings emphasize the need to improve long-term outcomes for depressed adolescents with psychiatric comorbidity and imply that interventions for comorbid populations focus directly on each specific disorder.
197 citations
TL;DR: Inpatients and outpatients, comparable before treatment, both made significant improvements in physical performance and psychological function, and reduced medication use, and there was no change in the control group.
Abstract: Inpatient and outpatient cognitive behavioural pain management programmers for mixed chronic pain patients were compared Patients were randomly allocated to the 4 week inpatient programme or to the 8 half day per week outpatient programme, or to a waiting list control group Staff, teaching materials, and setting were the same for the two treatment groups Patients were assessed pre-treatment, and at 1 month after discharge, and treated patients also at 6 months and 1 year after discharge, by assessors blind to treatment group; assessments included physical, functional and psychological measures, and medication use In total, 121 mixed chronic pain patients (mean age 50 years; mean chronicity 81 years) were included in the study, following medical examination to ensure that no further medical treatment was appropriate There was no change in the control group; inpatients and outpatients, comparable before treatment, both made significant improvements in physical performance and psychological function, and reduced medication use Inpatients made greater gains, and maintained them better at 1 year; they also used less health care than outpatients There were no outstanding predictors of improvement other than treatment group
197 citations