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Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change
01 Jan 1986-
TL;DR: The NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program: Where We Began and Where We Are (I. Elkin, et al. as discussed by the authors ) presents a methodology, design, and evaluation in psychotherapy research.
Abstract: Methodology, Design, and Evaluation in Psychotherapy Research (A. Kazdin). Assessing Psychotherapy Outcomes and Processes (M. Lambert & C. Hill). The NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program: Where We Began and Where We Are (I. Elkin). The Effectiveness of Psychotherapy (M. Lambert & A. Bergin). Research on Client Variables in Psychotherapy (S. Garfield). Therapist Variables (L. Beutler, et al.). Process and Outcome in PsychotherapyNoch Einmal (D. Orlinsky, et al.). Behavior Therapy with Adults (P. Emmelkamp). Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies (S. Hollon & A. Beck). Psychodynamic Approaches (W. Henry, et al.). Research on Experiential Psychotherapies (L. Greenberg, et al.). Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents (A. Kazdin). The Process and Outcome of Marital and Family Therapy: Reseach Review and Evaluation (J. Alexander, et al.). Experiential Group Research (R. Bednar & T. Kaul). Research on Brief Psychotherapy (M. Koss & J. Shiang). Behavioral Medicine and Health Psychology (E. Blanchard). Medication and Psychotherapy (G. Klerman, et al.). Research on Psychotherapy with Culturally Diverse Populations (S. Sue, et al.). Overview, Trends, and Future Issues (A. Bergin & S. Garfield). Indexes.
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TL;DR: The present analyses indicate that the quality of the therapeutic relationship reported by patients early in treatment contributed significantly to the prediction of therapeutic change, and the extensive efforts to compare different manual-directed treatments need to be balanced by commensurate attention to interpersonal dimensions of the therapy process.
Abstract: Previous analyses of data from the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program indicate minimal differences in therapeutic outcome among 3 brief treatments for depression, but patients' pretreatment level of perfectionism had a significant negative relationship with residualized measures of clinical improvement. The present analyses indicate that the quality of the therapeutic relationship reported by patients early in treatment contributed significantly to the prediction of therapeutic change. The quality of the therapeutic relationship was only marginally predictive of therapeutic gain at low and high levels of perfectionism, but significantly predicted therapeutic gain at moderate levels of perfectionism. These findings suggest that the extensive efforts to compare different manual-directed treatments need to be balanced by commensurate attention to interpersonal dimensions of the therapeutic process.
173 citations
Cites result from "Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behav..."
...Although the research literature contains contradictory findings about the contributions of the therapeutic alliance to treatment outcome (eg, DeRubeis & Feeley, 1990; see also reviews by Beutler, Crago, & Arizmendi, 1986; Mitchell, Bozarth, & Krauft, 1977), the results of our analyses of the data of the TDCRP are consistent with the majority of findings in this area (eg, Burns & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1992; Hartley & Strupp, 1983; Henry, Schacht, & Strupp, 1990; Krupnick et al,, in press, Marziali, Marmar, & Krupnick, 1981; Morgan, Luborsky, Crits-Christoph, Curtis, & Solomon, 1982), indicating that the quality of the therapeutic relationship affects therapeutic change....
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TL;DR: Less effective trainee psychotherapists were revealed to have lower levels of empathic understanding, to rate their patients as more involved in treatment, and to rate themselves as more supportive than the more effective therapists.
Abstract: This study examined differences between more and less effective trainee psychotherapists. Therapists were assigned to one of two groups depending on whether the preponderance of their patients' changes in symptomatology indicated more or less improvement over the course of therapy. Therapist variables included emotional adjustment, relationship skills, eliciting patient involvement, credibility, directiveness, and theoretical orientation. Less effective therapists were revealed to have lower levels of empathic understanding, to rate their patients as more involved in treatment, and to rate themselves as more supportive than the more effective therapists. Less effective therapists also valued comfort and stimulation significantly more and valued intellectual goals significantly less than did more effective therapists.
173 citations
TL;DR: Signs (e.g., words, gestures, tokens, pictures) point to something besides themselves and are observable as discussed by the authors, and events can reproduce themselves (in part) across time and space.
Abstract: Signs (e.g., words, gestures, tokens, pictures) point to something besides themselves and are observable. Using signs, events can reproduce themselves (in part) across time and space. Signs change meaning each time they are used, but they also accumulate meanings from each use. Voices are active subdivisions (or collectivities) of people, internalized agents representing people, and events formed from traces of previous experience. People can be understood as communities of voices. Most theoretical approaches to psychotherapy recognize some forms of multivoicedness. Multiple voices may represent depth of resources and flexibility or fragmentation and dissociation, depending on the strength of the meaning bridges between the voices, which are constructed of signs. This article reviews research findings and problems that led me to my interest in signs and voices, and gives psychotherapy case examples of sign-mediated assimilation of problematic voices into the client's community of voices. Zeichen, das heis...
172 citations
TL;DR: This paper offers a rigorous articulation of the placebo notion, a lucid new terminology that obviates the defects intrinsic to the traditional locutions employed in the placebo literature, and a substantial revamping of A. K. Shapiro's influential prior definition of 'placebo'.
Abstract: The standard technical vocabulary used to define placebo therapies and experimental placebo controls in medicine and psychiatry is both confusing and obscure. To achieve conceptual clarity in the theory of placebogenic phenomena, this paper offers a rigorous articulation of the placebo notion, a lucid new terminology that obviates the defects intrinsic to the traditional locutions employed in the placebo literature, and a substantial revamping of A. K. Shapiro's influential prior definition of 'placebo'. This paper supersedes an earlier version (Grunbaum, 1981).
172 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the treatment of depression in low-income and ethnic minority medical outpatients with cognitive-behavioral therapy and also report on preliminary analyses of effectiveness as well as predictors of treatment outcome and dropout.
Abstract: This article describes the treatment of depression in low-income and ethnic minority medical outpatients with cognitive-behavioral therapy and also reports on preliminary analyses of effectiveness as well as predictors of treatment outcome and dropout. One hundred and seventy-five patients were treated and showed significant pre- to posttreatment reductions in Beck Depression Inventory scores but not to the same extent as results reported in the treatment outcome literature. Patients with the poorest outcome were those with initially high symptoms of depression and not living with spouses/partners. Dropout was most likely in patients who were younger, minority, and treated with group therapy. Clinic procedures designed to reduce traditional barriers to mental health service utilization encountered by ethnic minorities resulted in 14% of referrals coming to one session of evaluation, 29% starting therapy, and 12% completing treatment, for a total service utilization rate of 55%.
172 citations
Cites background from "Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behav..."
...Orlinsky and Howard (1986) reviewed 18 studies involving role preparation for therapy and found better outcomes in patients who received some form of early role preparation versus those who did not....
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