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Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change

TL;DR: The NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program: Where We Began and Where We Are (I. Elkin, et al. as discussed by the authors ) presents a methodology, design, and evaluation in psychotherapy research.
Abstract: Methodology, Design, and Evaluation in Psychotherapy Research (A. Kazdin). Assessing Psychotherapy Outcomes and Processes (M. Lambert & C. Hill). The NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program: Where We Began and Where We Are (I. Elkin). The Effectiveness of Psychotherapy (M. Lambert & A. Bergin). Research on Client Variables in Psychotherapy (S. Garfield). Therapist Variables (L. Beutler, et al.). Process and Outcome in PsychotherapyNoch Einmal (D. Orlinsky, et al.). Behavior Therapy with Adults (P. Emmelkamp). Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies (S. Hollon & A. Beck). Psychodynamic Approaches (W. Henry, et al.). Research on Experiential Psychotherapies (L. Greenberg, et al.). Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents (A. Kazdin). The Process and Outcome of Marital and Family Therapy: Reseach Review and Evaluation (J. Alexander, et al.). Experiential Group Research (R. Bednar & T. Kaul). Research on Brief Psychotherapy (M. Koss & J. Shiang). Behavioral Medicine and Health Psychology (E. Blanchard). Medication and Psychotherapy (G. Klerman, et al.). Research on Psychotherapy with Culturally Diverse Populations (S. Sue, et al.). Overview, Trends, and Future Issues (A. Bergin & S. Garfield). Indexes.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the therapeutic effects of sharing Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory2 (MMPI-2) assessment results with clients, and found that those who received test feedback within the time frame of the experimental conditions reported a significant increase in self-esteem immediately following the feedback session and a significant decrease in symptomatic distress at a 2-week follow-up.
Abstract: This study examined the therapeutic effects of sharing Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory2 (MMPI-2) assessment results with clients. It is based on an earlier study by S. E. Finn and M. E. Tbnsager (1992). Participants were 60 university students seeking psychological services from a university counseling service. All participants completed the MMPI-2 and several outcome measures. Within 2 weeks of completing the assessment, clients in the experimental group received test feedback, using a collaborative model developed by S. E. Finn (1996). Clients in the control group received test feedback only after having completed the final outcome measures and following a delay of 1 week. Compared with the control group, those who received test feedback within the time frame of the experimental conditions reported a significant increase in self-esteem immediately following the feedback session and a significant decrease in symptomatic distress at a 2-week follow-up. Overall, the findings provide further evidence for the efficacy of psychological assessment as an effective therapeutic intervention.

132 citations


Cites background from "Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behav..."

  • ...In relation to this, Lambert and Hill (1994)suggested that some of the change reflected in predifference-minus-postdifference scores may be the result of regression to the mean (p....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The empirical literature offered in support and validation of Linehan's dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is critically examined in this paper, where Implications for clinical decision making are discussed and suggestions offered as to how future investigations can begin to better substantiate DBT as a thoroughly established clinical approach to treating this challenging disorder.
Abstract: The empirical literature offered in support and validation of Linehan's dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is critically examined in this article. Although results to date are promising, there remain methodological difficulties in the limited research base that supports this eagerly received clinical approach to borderline personality disorder. Implications for clinical decision making are discussed and suggestions offered as to how future investigations can begin to better substantiate DBT as a thoroughly established clinical approach to treating this challenging disorder.

131 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present exceptionally large study, controlling for dependencies and confounding variables, may put to rest the question of the superiority of therapy to placebo and appears that the strength of effect of therapy is typically at least average among the effects of independent variables in psychology.
Abstract: The "probability of superiority estimate" (PS) estimates the probability that a randomly sampled client from a population given a treatment will have an outcome that is superior to that of a randomly sampled client from a population given another treatment. The meta-analytic clinical outcome literature was examined to calculate mean PS (PS) for comparisons involving therapy versus control, therapy versus placebo, therapy versus therapy, and placebo versus control. The range of PS was found to be approximately .7 +/- .2, with median PS greatest when therapy and control are compared (Mdn PSTC = .70, where T = therapy and C = control) and least when 2 therapies are compared (Mdn PSTT = .56). Results suggested that there is more to therapeutic success than placebo effects (Mdn PSTP = .66, where T = therapy and P = placebo) and that placebo is typically better than do-nothing control conditions (Mdn PSPC = .62). The present exceptionally large study, controlling for dependencies and confounding variables, may put to rest the question of the superiority of therapy to placebo. It also appears that the strength of effect of therapy is typically at least average among the effects of independent variables in psychology.

131 citations


Cites result from "Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behav..."

  • ...The general results of the present study are consistent with pre-meta-analytic and earliest meta-analytic reviews of the clinical outcome literature (Bergin & Lambert, 1978; Smith et al,, 1980)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The interaction of the working alliance with the therapy microprocess was explored in a sequential analytic study of brief therapy and it was found that high-alliance patients were generally more emotionally engaged and responded with less dejection to therapists, and apparently, the high- and low-alliances therapies developed somewhat differently.
Abstract: The interaction of the working alliance with the therapy microprocess was explored in a sequential analytic study of brief therapy (N = 32). The alliance was largely formed within the first session and was most associated with a mutual emotional engagement process. Thereafter, log-linear modeling revealed marked alliance-related and primarily phase-specific effects on the therapy microprocesses. The alliance was associated with differing patterns of therapy activities, topics, emotions, and verbal content. High-alliance midtherapy displayed more of an alternating pattern of therapist-patient emotional engagement, although therapists also appeared to take greater charge in midtherapy. High-alliance patients were generally more emotionally engaged and responded with less dejection to therapists. The alliance-dependent differences in verbal content appeared to be secondary, with the most obvious negative effects of low-alliance levels appearing in midtherapy. Apparently, the high- and low-alliance therapies developed somewhat differently, a factor that may need to be considered in constructing theories of therapeutic change.

131 citations


Cites background from "Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behav..."

  • ...Perhaps therapist tension could lead the patient to perceive the therapist as less competent, a perception that has been associated with poorer outcome (Beutler, Crago, & Arizmendi, 1986)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the psychotherapy process Q-set to identify specific process predictors of outcome using the Psychotherapy Process Q-Set and found that adherence to cognitive-behavioral process was most characteristic, adherence to interpersonal and psychodynamic process, however, was most predictive of positive outcome.
Abstract: There is considerable debate about which empirical research methods best advance clinical outcomes in psychotherapy. The prevailing tendency has been to test treatment packages using randomized, controlled clinical trials. Recently, focus has shifted to considering how studying the process of change in naturalistic treatments can be a useful complement to controlled trials. Clinicians self-identifying as psychodynamic treated 17 panic disorder patients in naturalistic psychotherapy for an average of 21 sessions. Patients achieved statistically significant reductions in symptoms across all domains. Rates of remission and clinically significant change as well as effect sizes were commensurate with those of empirically supported therapies for panic disorder. Treatment gains were maintained at 6-month follow-up. Intensive analysis of the process of the treatments revealed that integrative elements characterized the treatments: Adherence to cognitive-behavioral process was most characteristic, adherence to interpersonal and psychodynamic process, however, was most predictive of positive outcome. Specific process predictors of outcome were identified using the Psychotherapy Process Q-Set. These findings demonstrate how process research can be used to empirically validate change processes in naturalistic treatments as opposed to treatment packages in controlled trials. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).

130 citations