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Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change
01 Jan 1986-
TL;DR: The NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program: Where We Began and Where We Are (I. Elkin, et al. as discussed by the authors ) presents a methodology, design, and evaluation in psychotherapy research.
Abstract: Methodology, Design, and Evaluation in Psychotherapy Research (A. Kazdin). Assessing Psychotherapy Outcomes and Processes (M. Lambert & C. Hill). The NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program: Where We Began and Where We Are (I. Elkin). The Effectiveness of Psychotherapy (M. Lambert & A. Bergin). Research on Client Variables in Psychotherapy (S. Garfield). Therapist Variables (L. Beutler, et al.). Process and Outcome in PsychotherapyNoch Einmal (D. Orlinsky, et al.). Behavior Therapy with Adults (P. Emmelkamp). Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies (S. Hollon & A. Beck). Psychodynamic Approaches (W. Henry, et al.). Research on Experiential Psychotherapies (L. Greenberg, et al.). Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents (A. Kazdin). The Process and Outcome of Marital and Family Therapy: Reseach Review and Evaluation (J. Alexander, et al.). Experiential Group Research (R. Bednar & T. Kaul). Research on Brief Psychotherapy (M. Koss & J. Shiang). Behavioral Medicine and Health Psychology (E. Blanchard). Medication and Psychotherapy (G. Klerman, et al.). Research on Psychotherapy with Culturally Diverse Populations (S. Sue, et al.). Overview, Trends, and Future Issues (A. Bergin & S. Garfield). Indexes.
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01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: The most common complaints of emotional distress that lead people to seek professional help (anxiety and depression) are both characterized by the belief that the good things in life cannot be obtained through one's own efforts.
Abstract: Despite the continuing controversy over what psychological health is and how one might best achieve it, psychologists seem to agree on at least one principle—that a sense of control over our behavior, our environment, and our own thoughts and feelings is essential for good psychological adjustment (e.g., Korchin, 1976). When the world seems predictable and controllable and when behavior, thoughts, and emotions seem within their control, people are better able to meet life’s challenges, deal with stress, build healthy relationships, and achieve personal satisfaction and peace of mind (e.g., Kobasa, 1979; Taylor, 1983; Thompson, 1981, 1991). Although a sense of control, competence, or mastery does not ensure good psychological adjustment, good adjustment is difficult, if not impossible, without such beliefs. The most common complaints of emotional distress that lead people to seek professional help—anxiety and depression (Smith, Glass, & Miller, 1980)—are both characterized by the belief that the good things in life cannot be obtained and that the bad things in life cannot be avoided through one’s own efforts. Sometimes perceptions of lack of control are the direct result of ineffective behavior; but such perceptions also can produce ineffective behavior, as well as inaction and inertia.
123 citations
TL;DR: Very low quality evidence suggests that third wave CBT and CBT approaches are equally effective and acceptable in the treatment of acute depression.
Abstract: Background
So-called 'third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies represents a new generation of psychological therapies that are increasingly being used in the treatment of psychological problems. However, the effectiveness and acceptability of third wave cognitive and behavioural therapy (CBT) approaches as a treatment for depression compared with other psychological therapies remain unclear.
Objectives
1. To examine the effects of all third wave CBT approaches compared with all other psychological therapy approaches for acute depression.
2. To examine the effects of different third wave CBT approaches (ACT, compassionate mind training, functional analytic psychotherapy, extended behavioural activation and metacognitive therapy) compared with all other psychological therapy approaches for acute depression.
3. To examine the effects of all third wave CBT approaches compared with different psychological therapy approaches (psychodynamic, behavioural, humanistic, integrative, cognitive-behavioural) for acute depression.
Search methods
We searched the Cochrane Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Group Specialised Register (CCDANCTR to 01/01/12), which includes relevant randomised controlled trials from The Cochrane Library (all years), EMBASE (1974-), MEDLINE (1950-) and PsycINFO (1967-). We also searched CINAHL (May 2010) and PSYNDEX (June 2010) and reference lists of the included studies and relevant reviews for additional published and unpublished studies. An updated search of CCDANCTR restricted to search terms relevant to third wave CBT was conducted in March 2013 (CCDANCTR to 01/02/13).
Selection criteria
Randomised controlled trials that compared various third wave CBT with other psychological therapies for acute depression in adults.
Data collection and analysis
Two review authors independently identified studies, assessed trial quality and extracted data. Study authors were contacted for additional information where required. We rated the quality of evidence using GRADE methods.
Main results
A total of three studies involving 144 eligible participants were included in the review. Two of the studies (56 participants) compared an early version of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) with CBT, and one study (88 eligible participants) compared extended behavioural activation with CBT. No other studies of third wave CBT were identified. The two ACT studies were assessed as being at high risk of performance bias and researcher allegiance. Post-treatment results, which were based on dropout rates, showed no evidence of any difference between third wave CBT and other psychological therapies for the primary outcomes of efficacy (risk ratio (RR) of clinical response 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79 to 1.64; very low quality) and acceptability. Results at two-month follow-up showed no evidence of any difference between third wave CBT and other psychological therapies for clinical response (2 studies, 56 participants, RR 0.22, 95% CI 0.04 to 1.15). Moderate statistical heterogeneity was indicated in the acceptability analyses (I2 = 41%).
Authors' conclusions
Very low quality evidence suggests that third wave CBT and CBT approaches are equally effective and acceptable in the treatment of acute depression. Evidence is limited in quantity, quality and breadth of available studies, precluding us from drawing any conclusions as to their short- or longer-term equivalence. The increasing popularity of third wave CBT approaches in clinical practice underscores the importance of completing further studies to compare various third wave CBT approaches with other psychological therapy approaches to inform clinicians and policymakers on the most effective forms of psychological therapy in treating depression.
123 citations
TL;DR: This paper reviewed the development of a program of research on social support, focusing on the relative contributions to outcomes of both global and relationship-specific perceived support, with special emphasis on the need for closer integrations of social support and personal relationships.
Abstract: This article reviews the development of a program of research on social support. It began with the construction of an instrument to assess overall support and determination of its correlation with various indicators of adjustment and performance. This led to inquiries into how people at different support levels behave socially and how they perceive the behavior of others. The results of these studies led, in turn, to focusing attention on the relative contributions to outcomes of both global and relationship-specific perceived support. We provide examples of studies that characterize each phase of the research and discuss needs for future research, with special emphasis on the need for closer integrations of research on social support and personal relationships.
122 citations
TL;DR: The relationships in the model suggest that the link between treatment satisfaction and outcome is clarified by examining client engagement variables, which relate indirectly to outcome by means of client satisfaction.
Abstract: This investigation explored the relationship of client engagement variables (client expectations, therapeutic/working alliance, and session attendance) with treatment satisfaction and posttreatment drinking-related outcomes using data from 2 outpatient alcohol treatment studies (N=208). Path analysis was used to test a model in which engagement variables jointly influence client satisfaction with treatment and subsequent drinking-related outcomes. The proposed model fit well with the data and accounted for 14-23% of the variance in posttreatment outcomes. The relationships in the model suggest that the link between treatment satisfaction and outcome is clarified by examining client engagement variables, which relate indirectly to outcome by means of client satisfaction.
122 citations
Cites background from "Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behav..."
...Although nonspecific factors are difficult to define and measure and are independent of treatment modality and duration of treatment, they have been related consistently to improvements in client functioning (Horvath & Luborsky, 1993; Horvath & Symonds, 1991; Lambert & Bergin, 1994)....
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TL;DR: This paper investigated the construct validity of the Ihe Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP) in the context of psychodynamic psychotherapy and found that the IIP can be used to classify patients reporting interpersonal distress into one of four problem quadrants: Friendly Dominant, Hostile Dominant and Hostile Submissive.
Abstract: This research investigated the construct validity of Ihe Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP; L M Horowitz, S E Rosenberg, B A Baer, G Ureno, & V S Villasenor, 1988) in the context of psychodynamic psychotherapy The interpersonal circumplex was used to categorize patients reporting interpersonal distress into 1 of 4 problem quadrants: Friendly Dominant, Hostile Dominant, Hostile Submissive, and Friendly Submissive At several points in treatment, therapists assessed their patients' personality disturbances, global functioning, and assets and liabilities for therapy Patients described their in-session experiences using the Therapy Session Report (D E Orlinsky & K I Howard, 1975) The 4 problem types each had a coherent and distinctive set of correlates Patients' interpersonal problems were articulated in therapists' perceptions and evaluations, and in the kinds of interpersonal and intrapsychic themes (wants, hopes, feelings, behaviors, etc) that characterized patients' retrospective accounts of the therapy sessions The results add to knowledge about the IIP, interpersonal problems, and the psychotherapy context
122 citations