Handling e-waste in developed and developing countries: initiatives, practices, and consequences.
Citations
547 citations
363 citations
286 citations
Cites background from "Handling e-waste in developed and d..."
...…potential associated with the international trade in used electronics, and access to technology show that perceived value and geographical location determine the rate of disposal of computers and the opportunities to recover materials (Estrada-Ayub and Kahhat, 2014; Sthiannopkao and Wong, 2013)....
[...]
...The e-waste from nations with strict environmental regulations still continue to be shipped to countries where the environmental regulations are not strict and/or labor is cheaper (e.g., China, India, Pakistan, Nigeria, and other developing countries) (Sthiannopkao and Wong, 2013; Lundgren, 2012)....
[...]
279 citations
260 citations
Cites background from "Handling e-waste in developed and d..."
...About 80% of e-waste from developed countries is illegally exported to developing countries especially China, India, Nigeria, Ghana and Pakistan, because of the lower labor costs and lack of governmental regulations (Sthiannopkao and Wong, 2013; UNEP, 2005)....
[...]
References
1,431 citations
1,377 citations
719 citations
539 citations
518 citations