Happy mouth and sad eyes: scanning emotional facial expressions.
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Citations
Wearing Face Masks Strongly Confuses Counterparts in Reading Emotions
Mechanisms of facial emotion recognition in autism spectrum disorders: Insights from eye tracking and electroencephalography
The eyes are not the window to basic emotions
Do the eyes really have it? Dynamic allocation of attention when viewing moving faces
Featural processing in recognition of emotional facial expressions
References
Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
The Fusiform Face Area: A Module in Human Extrastriate Cortex Specialized for Face Perception
Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research.
The Repertoire of Nonverbal Behavior : Categories, Origins, Usage, and Coding
Related Papers (5)
Frequently Asked Questions (13)
Q2. What are the future works in "Happy mouth and sad eyes: scanning emotional facial expressions" ?
Thus, future studies should address this query by answering the question of how many fixations are needed to decide the emotional content of a facial expression.
Q3. What is the hypothesis concerning the right bias?
A hypothesis concerning the right bias could be that the left-bias is more related to the initial processing of faces and especially related to reaction times, whereas long periods of exploration time are less related to this bias.
Q4. How many psychology students were recruited at the University of Würzburg?
Thirty-six psychology students (20 female, 16 male) were recruited at the University of Würzburg and received course credit for their participation.
Q5. What is the common emotion-specific fixation on the face?
In sad facial expressions, the first fixation on the face is to the eyes; in happy facial expressions, the mouth region is fixated upon longer compared with the other emotional expressions.
Q6. What should be included in future studies?
subsequent studies should not only include arousal and valence ratings but also classifications of the expressions in order to include classification performance.
Q7. What was the main effect of the facial expressions?
In fearful [ 2 (7,36) 40.56; p .001] and neutral [ 2 (7, 36) 41.29; p .001] facial expressions, the mouth region was the target of the second fixation.
Q8. What was the mean score of the Chimeric Faces Test?
The mean score of the Chimeric Faces Test (CFT; Levy, Heller, Banich, & Burton, 1983) was M 0.21 (SD 0.40; range: 1.00 to 0.81), which corresponds to the normal left-bias for emotion detection literature.
Q9. What were the fixation frequencies for each area of interest?
Fixation frequencies for each area of interest, for the first and second fixation as well as for the entire duration of a presentation, were included in Friedman tests for ranks, as the data consist of ordinal variables.
Q10. What is the common time for fixations on the eyes?
For the duration of all fixations during picture presentation, participants fixated on the mouth region longer in happy facial expressions compared with sad and fearful facial expressions.
Q11. What was the effect of emotion on the fixation duration of the AOI?
Follow-up tests for the interaction between AOI and emotion revealed significant effects for all five emotional expressions in the mean fixation duration of the AOI: fearful, F(7, 77) 6.68; p.001; 2 .38, angry, F(7, 77) 3.80; p .001; 2 .26, happy, F(7, 84) 2.41; p .03; 2 .17, neutral, F(7, 70) 5.95; p .001; 2 .37, and sad, F(7, 91) 3.01; p .01; 2 .19.
Q12. What is the common reason for the attention of the eyes?
Striking evidence for the informational content of the eyes comes from studies that ask participants to define someone’s emotional state just from seeing the eye region in scan paths when different emotional expressions are examined.
Q13. What is the effect of emotion on the frequency of second fixations?
There was a significant emotion effect on the frequencies of second fixations, 2 (4, 36) 10.54; p .03, which can be explained by a significant difference between sad facial expressions and fearful (Z 2.08; p .04), angry (Z 2.39; p .02), and happy (Z 2.11; p .04) facial expressions.