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Journal ArticleDOI

Harvesting amphipods applying the integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) concept in off-shore areas

TL;DR: In this paper, the first pilot trial of an amphipod culture within an offshore IMTA facility was carried out between May and September 2014, testing two collector types, two depths, at 5'm and 15'm, and two experimental times.
About: This article is published in Aquaculture.The article was published on 2018-03-20. It has received 20 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Aquaculture.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present review describes a vast number of substances that can be found in IMTAs, either intentionally administered or resulting from contamination, and subsequently accumulated in species reared afterwards in these systems.
Abstract: Background The demand for fish and fish products is now higher than ever. However, several problems such as nutrient loading or excessive use of resources can be associated with the intensification of aquaculture systems. Integrated multitrophic aquaculture systems (IMTAs) refer to the co-culture of different species belonging to different trophic levels, and offer a sustainable approach to aquaculture development. In these systems, organic and inorganic extractive species will feed on other species waste or on uneaten feed nutrients, acting as bioremediators. Scope and approach The extractive capacity that these organisms have to take up nutrients from the water also means they will accumulate chemicals that are often administered in intensive productions. The present review describes a vast number of substances that can be found in IMTAs, either intentionally administered or resulting from contamination, and subsequently accumulated in species reared afterwards in these systems. The presence of such chemicals in organisms produced in IMTAs raises several food safety and human health concerns, which need to be addressed. Key findings and conclusions Although IMTAs still face many challenges in terms of large scale production, legislations are not yet ready to comprise co-cultivation of multiple species in proximity. Also, maximum residue limits already existent for fish must be set for other organisms also produced in IMTAs in order to protect consumer's health. An increase in extractive species consumption (e.g. seaweeds) has been noticed during the past few years, and as IMTAs gain importance as a sustainable production method, food safety issues must be tackled.

39 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of artificial structures on amphipod assemblage and to identify the main factors involved were assessed in five different substrates (seawalls, cubes, acropods, rip-raps and natural rock).
Abstract: Ocean sprawl is leading to the introduction of multiple artificial structures into the marine environment. However, the biota on these novel habitats differ from that on natural hard substrates. Amphipods, despite their ecological importance, are usually overlooked when comparing benthic assemblages on artificial and natural hard substrates. So as to assess the effects of artificial structures on amphipod assemblage and to identify the main factors involved, the amphipod assemblage structure was studied in five different substrates (seawalls, cubes, acropods, rip-raps and natural rock). Abiotic measurements of each substrate (complexity, rock composition, and age) were related to the ecological patterns. Complexity measurements seemed to affect the amphipod community structure, highlighting the need to consider physical complexity in eco-engineering actions. Amphipod assemblages were also affected by the secondary substrate (sessile biota), suggesting that artificial structures are indirectly shaping amphipod assemblages by firstly shaping the sessile biota. Future research should study the same secondary substrates across different artificial structures to separate the direct effects (caused by the artificial structures) from the indirect effects (caused by the sessile biota).

18 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the macrofouling assemblages over one year of immersion, in order to single out the fouling species, which play the most remarkable role for the bioremediation of the marine areas affected by aquaculture activities.

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the filtration activity of biofouling assemblages colonizing artificial substrata located within a harbor and found that the performance of the communities was affected by the seasonality and the amount of biomass recruiting on the panels, mainly composed of crustaceans, ascidians, polychaetes, seaweeds and several introduced species.
Abstract: Biofouling is generally considered a serious threat for human coastal activities such as aquaculture, and the ecological role of fouling organisms associated with fish-farm cages re mains one of the most debated topics in the ecological field. However, although biofouling may cause significant problems related to human health, environmental impact and financial losses, in the past decade there has been an increasing interest in developing methods to promote the growth of biofouling on artificial structures as a strategy to mitigate human impacts and reduce the organic enrichment caused by net-cage fish farming. Here we investigated the filtration activity of biofouling assemblages colonizing artificial substrata located within a harbor. The main objective of the study was to determine if and how changes in composition and functioning of biofouling may be affected by hypoxic conditions that periodically occur within the port site selected for this study. To this purpose, artificial panels were used as biofouling collectors and were brought back to the laboratory seasonally where they were divided in 3 subgroups and acclimated at 3 different oxygen levels to mimic the naturally occurring oxygenic conditions. Clearance and respiration rates of each community were measured 6 and 24 h after the beginning of each treatment. Regardless of experimental conditions, performance of the communities was affected by the seasonality and the amount of biomass recruiting on the panels, mainly composed of crustaceans, ascidians, polychaetes, seaweeds and several introduced species. Our study demonstrated that, in particular cases, fouling assemblages linked to aquaculture facilities may contribute to reducing environmental impact and at the same time may serve as input for their re-use in different disciplines.

12 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The main aim of this study was to determine whether waste products of aquaculture provided an adequate diet for the amphipod in comparison to other traditional diets, such as Artemia nauplii or phytoplankton.
Abstract: Amphipods are emerging as an alternative food resource for fishes and cephalopods in aquaculture. Gammarus insensibilis (Stock, 1996), one of the dominant amphipods inhabiting marsh ponds in southern Spain, has been recently proposed as a promising candidate for being intensively cultured due to its adequate nutritional profile, large body size, and high natural densities. The main aim of this study was to determine whether waste products of aquaculture (such as detritus in the form of fish feces or Ulva sp.) provided an adequate diet for the amphipod in comparison to other traditional diets, such as Artemia nauplii or phytoplankton. G. insensibilis was cultured twice in tanks with 5 treatments: 4 experimental diets (detritus, Ulva sp., Artemia nauplii, and phytoplankton) were used, and one no-feed treatment. Amphipods fed with the two alternative diets, detritus and Ulva, showed promising survival higher than 40% and high concentrations of palmitic acid (16:0), oleic acid (18:1n9), arachidonic acid (20:4n6) (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n3) (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3) (DHA). Therefore, large-scale culture of this amphipod using inexpensive diets in indoor facilities could provide a nutritious product for aquaculture. The potential development of a sustainable culture using this species in marsh ponds is also discussed in the context of Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA).

10 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors described a simplified version of the method and reported the results of a study of its application to different tissues, including the efficiency of the washing procedure in terms of the removal from tissue lipides of some non-lipide substances of special biochemical interest.

59,550 citations

01 Feb 1980

47,967 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a non-parametric method for multivariate analysis of variance, based on sums of squared distances, is proposed. But it is not suitable for most ecological multivariate data sets.
Abstract: Hypothesis-testing methods for multivariate data are needed to make rigorous probability statements about the effects of factors and their interactions in experiments. Analysis of variance is particularly powerful for the analysis of univariate data. The traditional multivariate analogues, however, are too stringent in their assumptions for most ecological multivariate data sets. Non-parametric methods, based on permutation tests, are preferable. This paper describes a new non-parametric method for multivariate analysis of variance, after McArdle and Anderson (in press). It is given here, with several applications in ecology, to provide an alternative and perhaps more intuitive formulation for ANOVA (based on sums of squared distances) to complement the description pro- vided by McArdle and Anderson (in press) for the analysis of any linear model. It is an improvement on previous non-parametric methods because it allows a direct additive partitioning of variation for complex models. It does this while maintaining the flexibility and lack of formal assumptions of other non-parametric methods. The test- statistic is a multivariate analogue to Fisher's F-ratio and is calculated directly from any symmetric distance or dissimilarity matrix. P-values are then obtained using permutations. Some examples of the method are given for tests involving several factors, including factorial and hierarchical (nested) designs and tests of interactions.

12,328 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2001-Ecology
TL;DR: The distance-based redundancy analysis (db-RDA) as mentioned in this paper is a nonparametric multivariate analysis of ecological data using permutation tests that is used to partition the variability in the data according to a complex design or model, as is often required in ecological experiments.
Abstract: Nonparametric multivariate analysis of ecological data using permutation tests has two main challenges: (1) to partition the variability in the data according to a complex design or model, as is often required in ecological experiments, and (2) to base the analysis on a multivariate distance measure (such as the semimetric Bray-Curtis measure) that is reasonable for ecological data sets. Previous nonparametric methods have succeeded in one or other of these areas, but not in both. A recent contribution to Ecological Monographs by Legendre and Anderson, called distance-based redundancy analysis (db-RDA), does achieve both. It does this by calculating principal coordinates and subsequently correcting for negative eigenvalues, if they are present, by adding a constant to squared distances. We show here that such a correction is not necessary. Partitioning can be achieved directly from the distance matrix itself, with no corrections and no eigenanalysis, even if the distance measure used is semimetric. An ecological example is given to show the differences in these statistical methods. Empirical simulations, based on parameters estimated from real ecological species abundance data, showed that db-RDA done on multifactorial designs (using the correction) does not have type 1 error consistent with the significance level chosen for the analysis (i.e., does not provide an exact test), whereas the direct method described and advocated here does.

3,468 citations