Harvesting microalgae with microwave synthesized magnetic microparticles.
TL;DR: A suspension of inexpensive iron oxide magnetic microparticles prepared by microwave treatment is presented as a new agent for separating Chlorella vulgaris from a highly diluted suspension, revealing not only a dependency on the pH and amount of IOMMs, but also the influence of the ions present in the culture medium.
About: This article is published in Bioresource Technology.The article was published on 2013-02-01. It has received 129 citations till now.
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, various technologies currently used for dewatering microalgal cultures along with a comparative study of the performances of the different technologies are reviewed and compared, as well as a comparison of the performance of different technologies.
Abstract: Microalgae dewatering is a major obstruction to industrial-scale processing of microalgae for biofuel prodn. The dil. nature of harvested microalgal cultures creates a huge operational cost during dewatering, thereby, rendering algae-based fuels less economically attractive. Currently there is no superior method of dewatering microalgae. A technique that may result in a greater algal biomass may have drawbacks such as a high capital cost or high energy consumption. The choice of which harvesting technique to apply will depend on the species of microalgae and the final product desired. Algal properties such as a large cell size and the capability of the microalgae to autoflocculate can simplify the dewatering process. This article reviews and addresses the various technologies currently used for dewatering microalgal cultures along with a comparative study of the performances of the different technologies.
851 citations
TL;DR: The importance of the algal cell contents, various strategies for product formation through various conversion technologies, and its future scope as an energy security are discussed.
Abstract: An initiative has been taken to develop different solid, liquid, and gaseous biofuels as the alternative energy resources. The current research and technology based on the third generation biofuels derived from algal biomass have been considered as the best alternative bioresource that avoids the disadvantages of first and second generation biofuels. Algal biomass has been investigated for the implementation of economic conversion processes producing different biofuels such as biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas, biohydrogen, and other valuable co-products. In the present review, the recent findings and advance developments in algal biomass for improved biofuel production have been explored. This review discusses about the importance of the algal cell contents, various strategies for product formation through various conversion technologies, and its future scope as an energy security.
243 citations
Cites background from "Harvesting microalgae with microwav..."
...…while microalgae can be harvested by some conventional processes, which include filtration (Rossignol et al., 1999) flocculation (Liu et al., 2013; Prochazkova et al., 2013), centrifugation (Heasman et al., 2008), foam fractionation (Csordas and Wang, 2004), sedimentation, froth floatation, and…...
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TL;DR: This paper has summarized the key challenges in conventional and advanced harvesting techniques and also provided the scope thereof and would positively offer a well-defined roadmap in choosing foreseeable harvesting technology for cost-effective microalgal biofuel development.
Abstract: Economically viable microalgal biodiesel production is unrealistic and unsustainable owing to expensive harvesting or dewatering techniques. Hence, immense and meticulous exploration of harvesting process is essential to identify knowledge leads by which suitable harvesting technique could be ascertained for lucrative biodiesel production. With this in view, this review aims to collate and highlight the spectrum of harvesting techniques applied to microalgae, i.e., conventional – modern, high cost- inexpensiveness, energy efficient- energy consuming process. At the outset, global energy outlook and demand had been critically addressed, and the scientific ways to tackle or satiate the fuel demand had also been highlighted in this reveiw. This review manuscript has thrown widespread light on the physical harvesting methods namely centrifugation, sedimentation, filtration, flotation and technical advantages thereof. Due to the energy-intensive and cost barrier of physical harvesting techniques, chemical methods entailing organic, inorganic, and electroflocculation have come to limelight and in this regard, microalgae used, floc recovery and the dose of flocculants have been compared and presented in detail. Further, state of the art harvesting techniques viz., bioflocculation by microalgae/bacteria, flocculation by pH adjustment, and magnetic nanocomposite based microalgal harvesting had been critically articulated. Besides discussing the several methods, this paper has summarized the key challenges in conventional and advanced harvesting techniques and also provided the scope thereof. Hence, the key suggestions and findings given in this manuscript would positively offer a well-defined roadmap in choosing foreseeable harvesting technology for cost-effective microalgal biofuel development.
188 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of magnetic particle-cell interaction and factors influencing the separation process of microalgae is presented, as well as the feasibility of its scale-up applications using a magnetic separator.
Abstract: Magnetic separation has been utilized for the removal of microalgae for nearly forty years. Due to its advantages compared to traditional harvesting methods, magnetophoretic harvesting of microalgal cells has received much attention in recent years. In this context, synthesized magnetic particles for microalgae harvesting are summarized in this review. In addition, the particle-cell interaction and factors influencing the separation process are discussed as well as the feasibility of its scale-up applications using a magnetic separator. Furthermore, the downstream techniques including the extraction of desired products and the reuse of the culture medium and magnetic particles are also assessed. Finally, the current challenges are outlined and future directions to achieve efficient and economic magnetic harvesting of microalgae are discussed. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
136 citations
TL;DR: The recent advances in bioflocculation based on algal–bacterial, algal-fungal, orAlgal–algal interactions within the framework of microalgae biomass harvesting for biofuel production are reviewed.
Abstract: Microalgae are a promising new source of biomass for the production of third generation biofuels but, so far, the majority of microalgal biomass has been used for high-value applications. New low-cost technologies are needed to make the production and processing of microalgae economically feasible for low-value applications. A major challenge lies in the harvesting of microalgae, which requires a cost-efficient separation technology. Flocculation, especially bioflocculation, is an attractive low-cost separation technology. Various new bioflocculation strategies have been claimed to generate major advances in cost-efficient harvesting. Here, we review the recent advances in bioflocculation based on algal–bacterial, algal–fungal, or algal–algal interactions within the framework of microalgae biomass harvesting for biofuel production. We also discuss recent advances using infochemicals and genetic engineering for the induction of bioflocculation.
132 citations
References
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TL;DR: This review presents recent advances in microAlgal cultivation, photobioreactor design, and harvesting technologies with a focus on microalgal oil (mainly triglycerides) production and aims to provide useful information to help future development of efficient and commercially viable technology for microalgae-based biodiesel production.
1,662 citations
"Harvesting microalgae with microwav..." refers background in this paper
...The major strategies currently applied in the harvesting of microalgae include centrifugation, filtration, flocculation, sedimentation, and flotation (Chen et al., 2011; Christenson and Sims, 2011; Uduman et al., 2010)....
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TL;DR: Further investigation and development of large-scale production and harvesting methods for biofuels and bioproducts are necessary, particularly with less studied but promising approaches such as those involving attached algal biofilm cultures.
1,226 citations
"Harvesting microalgae with microwav..." refers background in this paper
...The major strategies currently applied in the harvesting of microalgae include centrifugation, filtration, flocculation, sedimentation, and flotation (Chen et al., 2011; Christenson and Sims, 2011; Uduman et al., 2010)....
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TL;DR: The physico-chemical mechanisms underlying the adhesive interactions are described and a critical review is given of currently employed methods to study microbial adhesive interactions, with an emphasis on the use of the parallel plate flow chamber.
Abstract: In this review, initial microbial adhesive interactions are divided into adhesion to substratum surfaces, coaggregation between microbial pairs and co-adhesion between sessile and planktonic microorganisms of different strains or species. The physico-chemical mechanisms underlying the adhesive interactions are described and a critical review is given of currently employed methods to study microbial adhesive interactions, with an emphasis on the use of the parallel plate flow chamber. Subsequently, for each of the three microbial adhesive interactions distinguished, the role of Lifshitz-van der Waals, acid-base and electrostatic interactions is described based on existing literature.
1,071 citations
"Harvesting microalgae with microwav..." refers background in this paper
...In the course of algal adhesion to magnetic particles in an aqueous environment a whole range of interactions such as non-covalent Lifshitz van der Waals forces, electrostatic forces, and acid–base interactions have to be considered (Bos et al., 1999)....
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...Similar phenomena are observed also in the initial phase of the microbial biofilm formation, when a so called conditioning film is formed on abiotic surfaces upon submersion into an aqueous environment (Shi and Zhu, 2009), which influences the subsequent cell adhesion (Bos et al., 1999)....
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...According to Bos et al. (1999) it should not be a priori assumed that the electrostatic interaction is repulsive, simply because the zeta potentials of the interacting surfaces are both negative....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review and comparative study of various technologies currently used for dewatering microalgal cultures along with a comparative analysis of the performances of different technologies.
Abstract: Microalgae dewatering is a major obstruction to industrial-scale processing of microalgae for biofuel production. The dilute nature of harvested microalgal cultures creates a huge operational cost during dewatering, thereby, rendering algae-based fuels less economically attractive. Currently there is no superior method of dewatering microalgae. A technique that may result in a greater algal biomass may have drawbacks such as a high capital cost or high energy consumption. The choice of which harvesting technique to apply will depend on the species of microalgae and the final product desired. Algal properties such as a large cell size and the capability of the microalgae to autoflocculate can simplify the dewatering process. This article reviews and addresses the various technologies currently used for dewatering microalgal cultures along with a comparative study of the performances of the different technologies.
978 citations
"Harvesting microalgae with microwav..." refers background in this paper
...calcium, magnesium, phosphate) known to cause inorganic precipitate formation with subsequent cell flocculation at higher pH values (Uduman et al., 2010; Vandamme et al., 2012)....
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...This solution had an ionic strength of freshwater microalgae culture media and simultaneously contained no ions (e.g. calcium, magnesium, phosphate) known to cause inorganic precipitate formation with subsequent cell flocculation at higher pH values (Uduman et al., 2010; Vandamme et al., 2012)....
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...The major strategies currently applied in the harvesting of microalgae include centrifugation, filtration, flocculation, sedimentation, and flotation (Chen et al., 2011; Christenson and Sims, 2011; Uduman et al., 2010)....
[...]
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, various technologies currently used for dewatering microalgal cultures along with a comparative study of the performances of the different technologies are reviewed and compared, as well as a comparison of the performance of different technologies.
Abstract: Microalgae dewatering is a major obstruction to industrial-scale processing of microalgae for biofuel prodn. The dil. nature of harvested microalgal cultures creates a huge operational cost during dewatering, thereby, rendering algae-based fuels less economically attractive. Currently there is no superior method of dewatering microalgae. A technique that may result in a greater algal biomass may have drawbacks such as a high capital cost or high energy consumption. The choice of which harvesting technique to apply will depend on the species of microalgae and the final product desired. Algal properties such as a large cell size and the capability of the microalgae to autoflocculate can simplify the dewatering process. This article reviews and addresses the various technologies currently used for dewatering microalgal cultures along with a comparative study of the performances of the different technologies.
851 citations