Heat transfer—A review of 2003 literature
TL;DR: This survey, although extensive cannot include every paper; some selection is necessary, is intended to encompass the English language heat transfer papers published in 2003, including some translations of foreign language papers.
About: This article is published in International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer.The article was published on 2006-02-01. It has received 106 citations till now.
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TL;DR: A review of surface fire spread models developed since 1990 can be found in this paper, where the authors review models of a physical or quasi-physical nature, and mathematical analogues and simulation models.
Abstract: In recent years, advances in computational power and spatial data analysis (GIS, remote sensing, etc) have led to an increase in attempts to model the spread and behaviour of wildland fires across the landscape. This series of review papers endeavours to critically and comprehensively review all types of surface fire spread models developed since 1990. This paper reviews models of a physical or quasi-physical nature. These models are based on the fundamental chemistry and/or physics of combustion and fire spread. Other papers in the series review models of an empirical or quasi-empirical nature, and mathematical analogues and simulation models. Many models are extensions or refinements of models developed before 1990. Where this is the case, these models are also discussed but much less comprehensively.
364 citations
Cites background from "Heat transfer—A review of 2003 lite..."
...One can either continue determining higher order moments ad nauseum in order to provide a suitably approximate solution (as the series of equations can never be truly closed) or, as is more frequently done, utilise an equation of state to provide the closure mechanism....
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...Sacadura (2005) and Goldstein et al. (2006) review the use of radiative heat transfer models in a wide range of applications....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a review of some results of research on natural convection in cavities is presented, which serves to underline the broad spectrum of scientific and engineering fields where the knowledge of natural convections in enclosures is advantageously applied.
213 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an up-to-date review on the thermal performance of PTC collectors and present a cost analysis and economic strategy used for the PTC collector.
Abstract: The thermodynamics of a Parabolic Trough Solar Collector (PTC) play an important role in solar energy and the efficiency of the collectors This report presents an up-to-date review on the thermal performance of PTC collectors Various types of mathematical models, simulation and numerical methods, and experimental set-ups of the Parabolic Trough Solar Collectors are reviewed These have been studied in terms of heat loss, environmental conditions, temperature and heat flux Furthermore, the report cost analysis and economic strategy used for PTC collectors The primary goal is to demonstrate the principal thermal aspects that need to be considered in future developments The principal challenges that engineers face are (a) combining the thermal models that have been reported in the literature, (b) introducing numerical methods and simulations with less computational requirements, (c) proposing new methodologies that efficiently measure the thermal performance of a Parabolic Trough Solar Collector and (d) reducing the costs of these collectors
131 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a 1:1 molar mixture of nitrate/nitrite was found to have a liquidus temperature near 70°C, which is the first known liquid-salt mixture with liquidus temperatures below 80°C.
Abstract: Molten salts are a promising medium for thermal energy transfer and storage. They have a very low vapor pressure and most are unreactive in air. Over the past 3 decades, Sandia National Laboratories has investigated a variety of molten salt mixtures of alkali nitrates and, most recently, quaternary mixtures of sodium, calcium, lithium, and potassium nitrate salts. This effort led to the discovery of mixtures with liquidus temperatures below 100°C. We have now extended this work to the mixed nitrate/nitrite anion system and found compositions with liquidus temperatures below 80°C. In this paper, we present experimental results exploring the lithium, sodium, and potassium compositional space with a 1:1 molar mixture of nitrate/nitrite. From our work, we have identified a five-component system with a liquidus temperature near 70°C. Physical properties of these salts, such as viscosity and density, are reported as well as thermal stability in air. Such a molten salt mixture, with a low liquidus temperature, has the potential to make parabolic trough collectors economically competitive with traditional power generation schemes.
95 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the important research works dedicated to polymers which are mainly used target material for heat transfer applications is presented. And an attempt is made to explore and summarize various key paths suggested by the researchers to develop high thermal conductive polymer compos...
Abstract: The aim of this review article is to consolidate the important research works dedicated to polymers which are mainly used target material for heat transfer applications. The requirement of present day heat transfer equipment is compactness, lightweight, manufacturability, and lower cost. Materials like copper and aluminum though have better thermal conductivity but they are expensive and also heavy. Polymers are cheaper and easy to manufacture, recycle though they have sufficiently lower thermal conductivity compared to copper and aluminum. Polymer materials are thermally insulating material. It is too difficult to improve the amorphous nature of polymer material in order to achieve high thermal conductivity. One key path to increase the thermal conductivity of a polymer is to reinforce high thermal conductive fillers in the host matrix. In this review paper, an attempt is made to explore and summarize various key paths suggested by the researchers to develop high thermal conductive polymer compos...
94 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, an innovative new class of heat transfer fluids can be engineered by suspending metallic nanoparticles in conventional heat-transfer fluids, which are expected to exhibit high thermal conductivities compared to those of currently used heat transfer fluid, and they represent the best hope for enhancing heat transfer.
Abstract: Low thermal conductivity is a primary limitation in the development of energy-efficient heat transfer fluids that are required in many industrial applications. In this paper we propose that an innovative new class of heat transfer fluids can be engineered by suspending metallic nanoparticles in conventional heat transfer fluids. The resulting {open_quotes}nanofluids{close_quotes} are expected to exhibit high thermal conductivities compared to those of currently used heat transfer fluids, and they represent the best hope for enhancement of heat transfer. The results of a theoretical study of the thermal conductivity of nanofluids with copper nanophase materials are presented, the potential benefits of the fluids are estimated, and it is shown that one of the benefits of nanofluids will be dramatic reductions in heat exchanger pumping power.
4,634 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a model is developed to analyze heat transfer performance of nanofluids inside an enclosure taking into account the solid particle dispersion, where the transport equations are solved numerically using the finite-volume approach along with the alternating direct implicit procedure.
2,560 citations
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...Simulations of flows containing particles focussed on sedimentation [453] and the heat transfer enhancement caused by the addition of nanoparticles [454] and the use of a phase-change-material slurry [455]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the increase of thermal conductivity with temperature for nano fluids with water as base fluid and particles of Al 2 O 3 or CuO as suspension material.
Abstract: Usual heat transfer fluids with suspended ultra fine particles of nanometer size are named as nanofluids, which have opened a new dimension in heat transfer processes. The recent investigations confirm the potential of nanofluids in enhancing heat transfer required for present age technology. The present investigation goes detailed into investigating the increase of thermal conductivity with temperature for nano fluids with water as base fluid and particles of Al 2 O 3 or CuO as suspension material. A temperature oscillation technique is utilized for the measurement of thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity is calculated from it
2,177 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the role of transient conduction in pool boiling and concluded that the change of surface characteristics during boiling due to trapped particles on the surface is the cause for the shift of the boiling characteristics in the negative direction.
954 citations