Heat treatment effect on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel fabricated by selective laser melting for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
TL;DR: In this paper, the structural and corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) for bipolar plate were investigated and the subsequent heat treatment effect was also clarified.
About: This article is published in Electrochimica Acta.The article was published on 2018-06-20. It has received 224 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Corrosion & Microstructure.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effects of heat treatment on the microstructural, mechanical and corrosion properties of 316 L stainless steel fabricated by selective laser melting, and they found that the passive film thickness and corrosion potential of the SLMed 316
234 citations
TL;DR: The microstructure of metals depends on the additive manufacturing (AM) process and the process parameters, and experimentation on different process parameters for different materials is costl... as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The microstructure of metals depends on the additive manufacturing (AM) process and the process parameters. However, experimentation on different process parameters for different materials is costl...
166 citations
Cites background from "Heat treatment effect on the micros..."
...Numerous works have been done on post-process heat treatment of AM parts and how they affect the microstructure (Kajima et al. 2018; Kim et al. 2018; Kong et al. 2018; Kurzynowski et al. 2018; Salman et al. 2019)....
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...treatment of AM parts and how they affect the microstructure (Kajima et al. 2018; Kim et al. 2018; Kong et al. 2018; Kurzynowski et al. 2018; Salman et al. 2019)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the most recent research momentum regarding the formation mechanisms (elemental segregation, dislocation cell and oxide inclusion), the kinetics of the size and morphology, the growth orientation and the thermodynamic stability of these cellular structures by taking AM austenitic stainless steel as an exemplary material.
Abstract: The quick-emerging paradigm of additive manufacturing technology has revealed salient advantages in enabling the tailored-design of structural components with more exceptional performances over ordinary subtractive processing routines. As a peculiar feature, sub-micro cellular structures widely exist in additively manufactured (AM) metallic materials. This phenomenon primarily appears with high-density dislocations and segregated elements or precipitates at the cellular boundaries. The discovery of novel metastable substructures in various alloys through numerous investigations has proven their substantial effects on the engineering properties of AM components. This paper reviews the most recent research momentum regarding the formation mechanisms (elemental segregation, dislocation cell and oxide inclusion), the kinetics of the size and morphology, the growth orientation and the thermodynamic stability of these cellular structures by taking AM austenitic stainless steel as an exemplary material. Another topic of concern here is the inherent correlation between the unique cellular microstructure and the corresponding mechanical properties (strength, ductility, fatigue, etc.) and corrosion responses (passivity, irradiation damage, hydrogen embrittlement, etc.) for this category of AM materials. The design, control, and optimization of cellular structures for additive manufacturing techniques are expected to inspire new strategies for advancing high-performance structural alloy development.
149 citations
11 Jun 2019
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the relationship between the unique microstructures and the corresponding corrosion behavior of several metallic alloys fabricated by selective laser melting is presented, including Ti-based, Al-based and Fe-based alloys.
Abstract: Additive manufacturing is an emerging technology that challenges traditional manufacturing methods. However, the corrosion behaviour of additively manufactured parts must be considered if additive techniques are to find widespread application. In this paper, we review relationships between the unique microstructures and the corresponding corrosion behaviour of several metallic alloys fabricated by selective laser melting, one of the most popular powder-bed additive technologies for metals and alloys. Common issues related to corrosion in selective laser melted parts, such as pores, molten pool boundaries, surface roughness and anisotropy, are discussed. Widely printed alloys, including Ti-based, Al-based and Fe-based alloys, are selected to illustrate these relationships, and the corrosion properties of alloys produced by selective laser melting are summarised and compared to their conventionally processed counterparts.
140 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the passive film properties of as-received selective laser-melted 316L stainless steel (SLMed 316L SS) without obvious pores were studied and compared with those of wrought and solution-annealed (SA) SLMed316L SSs.
121 citations
References
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TL;DR: Biesinger et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed a more consistent and effective approach to curve fitting based on a combination of standard spectra from quality reference samples, a survey of appropriate literature databases and/or a compilation of literature references and specific literature references where fitting procedures are available.
7,498 citations
TL;DR: Selective laser melting (SLM) is a particular rapid prototyping, 3D printing, or additive manufacturing (AM) technique designed to use high power-density laser to melt and fuse metallic powders as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a particular rapid prototyping, 3D printing, or Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique designed to use high power-density laser to melt and fuse metallic powders. A component is built by selectively melting and fusing powders within and between layers. The SLM technique is also commonly known as direct selective laser sintering, LaserCusing, and direct metal laser sintering, and this technique has been proven to produce near net-shape parts up to 99.9% relative density. This enables the process to build near full density functional parts and has viable economic benefits. Recent developments of fibre optics and high-power laser have also enabled SLM to process different metallic materials, such as copper, aluminium, and tungsten. Similarly, this has also opened up research opportunities in SLM of ceramic and composite materials. The review presents the SLM process and some of the common physical phenomena associated with this AM technology. It then focuses on the following a...
1,455 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a mixture of different types of particles (Fe, Ni, Cu and Fe3P) specially developed for selective laser sintering (SLS) is described.
1,342 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the main driving force of rapid prototyping or layer manufacturing techniques changed from fabrication of prototypes to rapid tooling (RT) and rapid manufacturing (RM), and nowadays, the direct fabrication of functional or structural end-use products made by layer manufacturing methods, i.e. RM, is the main trend.
Abstract: This overview will focus on the direct fabrication of metal components by using laser-forming techniques in a layer-by-layer fashion. The main driving force of rapid prototyping (RP) or layer manufacturing techniques changed from fabrication of prototypes to rapid tooling (RT) and rapid manufacturing (RM). Nowadays, the direct fabrication of functional or structural end-use products made by layer manufacturing methods, i.e. RM, is the main trend. The present paper reports on the various research efforts deployed in the past decade or so towards the manufacture of metal components by different laser processing methods (e.g. selective laser sintering, selective laser melting and 3-D laser cladding) and different commercial machines (e.g. Sinterstation, EOSINT, TrumaForm, MCP, LUMEX 25, Lasform). The materials and applications suitable to RM of metal parts by these techniques are also discussed.
703 citations
11 Feb 2015-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this paper, a fine columnar sub-grain structure of size 0.5μm was observed inside each individual large grain of single-crystal nature and with grain sizes in the range of 10-100μm.
Abstract: Laser melting (LM), with a focused Nd: YAG laser beam, was used to form solid bodies from a 316L austenite stainless steel powder. The microstructure, phase content and texture of the LM stainless steel were characterized and compared with conventional 316L stainless steel. The crack-free LM samples achieved a relative density of 98.6±0.1%. The XRD pattern revealed a single phase Austenite with preferential crystallite growth along the (100) plane and an orientation degree of 0.84 on the building surface. A fine columnar sub-grain structure of size 0.5 μm was observed inside each individual large grain of single-crystal nature and with grain sizes in the range of 10–100 μm. Molybdenum was found to be enriched at the sub-grain boundaries accompanied with high dislocation concentrations. It was proposed that such a sub-grain structure is formed by the compositional fluctuation due to the slow kinetics of homogeneous alloying of large Mo atoms during rapid solidification. The local enrichment of misplaced Mo in the Austenite lattice induced a network of dislocation tangling, which would retard or even block the migration of newly formed dislocations under indentation force, turning otherwise a soft Austenite to hardened steel. In addition, local formation of spherical nano-inclusions of an amorphous chromium-containing silicate was observed. The origin and the implications of the formation of such oxide nano-inclusions were discussed.
526 citations