Heavy-Flavour Hadro-Production from Fixed-Target to Collider Energies
CERN1
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the hadro-production data presently available on open charm and beauty absolute production cross-sections, collected by experiments at CERN, DESY and Fermilab.
About: This article is published in Physics Reports.The article was published on 2006-10-01 and is currently open access. It has received 129 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Parton.
Citations
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Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics1, Niigata University2, CERN3, University of Connecticut4, Leiden University5, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute6, Federico Santa María Technical University7, University of California, Santa Barbara8, University of Maryland, College Park9, University of Lyon10, Claude Bernard University Lyon 111, Northwestern University12, University of Victoria13, University of Manchester14, University of Bonn15, Technische Universität München16, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne17, Stony Brook University18, Autonomous University of Madrid19, Centre national de la recherche scientifique20, University of Paris21, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology22, Autonomous University of Barcelona23, University of Copenhagen24, Université libre de Bruxelles25, University of La Serena26, University of Valencia27, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv28, Heidelberg University29, Yonsei University30, Princeton University31, Harvard University32, University of Geneva33, University of Tübingen34, Tomsk Polytechnic University35, Tomsk State University36, University of Washington37, University of Florida38, University of Hamburg39, TRIUMF40, University of Iowa41, University of Grenoble42, International Centre for Theoretical Physics43, Hokkai Gakuen University44, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign45, Durham University46, University of Melbourne47, University of Naples Federico II48, York University49, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory50, University of California, Berkeley51
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the SHiP experiment has a unique potential to discover new physics and can directly probe a number of solutions of beyond the standard model puzzles, such as neutrino masses, baryon asymmetry of the Universe, dark matter, and inflation.
Abstract: This paper describes the physics case for a new fixed target facility at CERN SPS. The SHiP (search for hidden particles) experiment is intended to hunt for new physics in the largely unexplored domain of very weakly interacting particles with masses below the Fermi scale, inaccessible to the LHC experiments, and to study tau neutrino physics. The same proton beam setup can be used later to look for decays of tau-leptons with lepton flavour number non-conservation, $\tau \to 3\mu $ and to search for weakly-interacting sub-GeV dark matter candidates. We discuss the evidence for physics beyond the standard model and describe interactions between new particles and four different portals—scalars, vectors, fermions or axion-like particles. We discuss motivations for different models, manifesting themselves via these interactions, and how they can be probed with the SHiP experiment and present several case studies. The prospects to search for relatively light SUSY and composite particles at SHiP are also discussed. We demonstrate that the SHiP experiment has a unique potential to discover new physics and can directly probe a number of solutions of beyond the standard model puzzles, such as neutrino masses, baryon asymmetry of the Universe, dark matter, and inflation.
842 citations
TL;DR: The SHiP (Search for Hidden Particles) experiment at CERN as discussed by the authors was designed to search for new physics in the largely unexplored domain of very weakly interacting particles with masses below the Fermi scale, inaccessible to the LHC experiments.
Abstract: This paper describes the physics case for a new fixed target facility at CERN SPS. The SHiP (Search for Hidden Particles) experiment is intended to hunt for new physics in the largely unexplored domain of very weakly interacting particles with masses below the Fermi scale, inaccessible to the LHC experiments, and to study tau neutrino physics. The same proton beam setup can be used later to look for decays of tau-leptons with lepton flavour number non-conservation, $\tau\to 3\mu$ and to search for weakly-interacting sub-GeV dark matter candidates. We discuss the evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model and describe interactions between new particles and four different portals - scalars, vectors, fermions or axion-like particles. We discuss motivations for different models, manifesting themselves via these interactions, and how they can be probed with the SHiP experiment and present several case studies. The prospects to search for relatively light SUSY and composite particles at SHiP are also discussed. We demonstrate that the SHiP experiment has a unique potential to discover new physics and can directly probe a number of solutions of beyond the Standard Model puzzles, such as neutrino masses, baryon asymmetry of the Universe, dark matter, and inflation
592 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a lower and an upper bound on the strength of interaction of neutral leptons was established from cosmological considerations and from the data on neutrino oscillations.
Abstract: An extension of the Standard Model by three singlet fermions with masses smaller than the electroweak scale allows to explain simultaneously neutrino oscillations, dark matter and baryon asymmetry of the Universe. We discuss the properties of neutral leptons in this model and the ways they can be searched for in particle physics experiments. We establish, in particular, a lower and an upper bound on the strength of interaction of neutral leptons coming from cosmological considerations and from the data on neutrino oscillations. We analyse the production of neutral leptons in the decays of different mesons and in $pp$ collisions. We study in detail decays of neutral leptons and establish a lower bound on their mass coming from existing experimental data and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. We argue that the search for a specific missing energy signal in kaon decays would allow to strengthen considerably the bounds on neutral fermion couplings and to find or definitely exclude them below the kaon threshold. To enter into cosmologically interesting parameter range for masses above kaon mass the dedicated searches similar to CERN PS191 experiment would be needed with the use of intensive proton beams. We argue that the use of CNGS, NuMI, T2K or NuTeV beams could allow to search for singlet leptons below charm in a large portion of the parameter space of the nuMSM. The search of singlet fermions in the mass interval 2-5 GeV would require a considerable increase of the intensity of proton accelerators or the detailed analysis of kinematics of more than 10^{10} B-meson decays.
296 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a lower and an upper bound on the strength of interaction of neutral leptons coming from cosmological considerations and from the data on neutrino oscillations was established.
Abstract: An extension of the Standard Model by three singlet fermions with masses smaller than the electroweak scale allows to explain simultaneously neutrino oscillations, dark matter and baryon asymmetry of the Universe. We discuss the properties of neutral leptons in this model and the ways they can be searched for in particle physics experiments. We establish, in particular, a lower and an upper bound on the strength of interaction of neutral leptons coming from cosmological considerations and from the data on neutrino oscillations. We analyse the production of neutral leptons in the decays of different mesons and in pp collisions. We study in detail decays of neutral leptons and establish a lower bound on their mass coming from existing experimental data and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. We argue that the search for a specific missing energy signal in kaon decays would allow to strengthen considerably the bounds on neutral fermion couplings and to find or definitely exclude them below the kaon threshold. To enter into cosmologically interesting parameter range for masses above kaon mass the dedicated searches similar to CERN PS191 experiment would be needed with the use of intensive proton beams. We argue that the use of CNGS, NuMI, T2K or NuTeV beams could allow to search for singlet leptons below charm in a large portion of the parameter space of the νMSM. The search of singlet fermions in the mass interval 2-5 GeV would require a considerable increase of the intensity of proton accelerators or the detailed analysis of kinematics of more than 1010 B-meson decays. © SISSA 2007.
287 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors study the phenomenology of a realistic version of the chaotic inflationary model, which can be fully and directly explored in particle physics experiments and discuss the ways to find the inflaton.
Abstract: We study the phenomenology of a realistic version of the chaotic inflationary model, which can be fully and directly explored in particle physics experiments. The inflaton mixes with the Standard Model Higgs boson via the scalar potential, and no additional scales above the electroweak scale are present in the model. The inflaton-to- Higgs coupling is responsible for both reheating in the Early Universe and the inflaton production in particle collisions. We find the allowed range of the light inflaton mass, 270 MeV . m� . 1.8GeV, and discuss the ways to find the inflaton. The most promising are two-body kaon and B-meson decays with branching ratios of orders 10 9 and 10 6 , respectively. The inflaton is unstable with the lifetime 10 9 -10 10 s. The inflaton decays can be searched for in a beam-target experiment, where, depending on the inflaton mass, from several billions to several tenths of millions inflatons can be produced per year with modern high-intensity beams.
229 citations
Additional excerpts
...Experiment E, GeV NPOT, 10 19 Mpp [10] χs [35, 36] χc [ 37 ] χb [37]...
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...Experiment E, GeV NPOT, 10 19 Mpp [10] χs [35, 36] χc [37] χb [ 37 ]...
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References
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Tohoku University1, University of Zurich2, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory3, Stanford University4, College of William & Mary5, University of Urbino6, CERN7, Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics8, University of California, Irvine9, Cornell University10, Argonne National Laboratory11, ETH Zurich12, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research13, Hillsdale College14, Spanish National Research Council15, Ohio State University16, University of Notre Dame17, Kent State University18, University of California, San Diego19, University of California, Berkeley20, University of Minnesota21, University of Alabama22, University of Helsinki23, Los Alamos National Laboratory24, California Institute of Technology25, George Washington University26, Syracuse University27, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory28, Oklahoma State University–Stillwater29, University of Washington30, Max Planck Society31, Boston University32, University of California, Los Angeles33, Royal Holloway, University of London34, Université Paris-Saclay35, University of Pennsylvania36, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign37, University of Bristol38, University of Tokyo39, University of Delaware40, Carnegie Mellon University41, University of California, Santa Cruz42, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology43, Heidelberg University44, Florida State University45, University of Mainz46, University of Edinburgh47, Brookhaven National Laboratory48, Durham University49, University of Lausanne50, Massachusetts Institute of Technology51, University of Southampton52, Nagoya University53, University of Oxford54, Northwestern University55, University of British Columbia56, Columbia University57, Lund University58, University of Sheffield59, University of California, Santa Barbara60, Iowa State University61, University of Alberta62, University of Cambridge63
TL;DR: This biennial Review summarizes much of Particle Physics using data from previous editions, plus 2205 new measurements from 667 papers, and features expanded coverage of CP violation in B mesons and of neutrino oscillations.
Abstract: This biennial Review summarizes much of Particle Physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 2205 new measurements from 667 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. This edition features expanded coverage of CP violation in B mesons and of neutrino oscillations. For the first time we cover searches for evidence of extra dimensions (both in the particle listings and in a new review). Another new review is on Grand Unified Theories. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website: http://pdg.lbl.gov.
5,143 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new generation of parton distribution functions with increased precision and quantitative estimates of uncertainties is presented, using a recently developed eigenvector-basis approach to the hessian method, which provides the means to quickly estimate the uncertainties of a wide range of physical processes at these high-energy hadron colliders, based on current knowledge of the parton distributions.
Abstract: A new generation of parton distribution functions with increased precision and quantitative estimates of uncertainties is presented. This work signiflcantly extends previous CTEQ and other global analyses on two fronts: (i) a full treatment of available experimental correlated systematic errorsforbothnewandolddata sets; (ii) asystematic and pragmatic treatment of uncertainties of the parton distributions and their physical predictions, using a recently developed eigenvector-basis approach to the hessian method. The new gluon distribution is considerably harder than that of previous standard flts. A numberofphysicsissues,particularlyrelatingtothebehaviorofthegluondistribution,are addressedinmorequantitativetermsthanbefore. Extensiveresultsontheuncertaintiesof parton distributions at various scales, and on parton luminosity functions at the Tevatron RunII and the LHC, are presented. The latter provide the means to quickly estimate the uncertainties of a wide range of physical processes at these high-energy hadron colliders, basedoncurrentknowledgeofthepartondistributions. Inparticular, theuncertaintieson the production cross sections of the W, Z at the Tevatron and the LHC are estimated to be§4% and§5%, respectively, and that of a light Higgs at the LHC to be§5%.
4,427 citations
TL;DR: The Particle Data Group's biennial review as discussed by the authors summarizes much of Particle Physics using data from previous editions plus new measurements from papers, and evaluate and average measured properties of gauge bosons leptons quarks mesons and baryons.
3,025 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a critical review of the current status of cosmological nucleosynthesis is given, where the baryon-to-photon ratio, ε, corresponding to the inferred primordial abundances of helium-4 and lithium-7 is presently 2σ below the value implied by the abundance of deuterium.
2,806 citations
TL;DR: The Particle Data Group's biennial review as mentioned in this paper summarizes much of Particle Physics, using data from previous editions, plus 1600 new measurements from 550 papers, and lists, evaluates and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons.
Abstract: This biennial Review summarizes much of Particle Physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 1600 new measurements from 550 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website: http: //pdg. lbl. gov.
2,263 citations