Heavy-quark symmetry and chiral dynamics.
TL;DR: The flavor and spin symmetry of the heavy quarks and the spontaneously broken approximate SU(3){sub {ital L}}{times} SU( 3){ sub {ital R}} chiral symmetry ofThe light quarks are exploited to formulate a theory describing the low-energy interactions of theheavy mesons and heavy baryons with the Goldstone bosons.
Abstract: The flavor and spin symmetry of the heavy quarks and the spontaneously broken approximate ${\mathrm{SU}(3)}_{L}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{\mathrm{SU}(3)}_{R}$ chiral symmetry of the light quarks are exploited to formulate a theory describing the low-energy interactions of the heavy mesons ($Q\overline{q}$ bound states) and heavy baryons (${\mathrm{Qq}}_{1}{q}_{2}$ bound states) with the Goldstone bosons $\ensuremath{\pi}$, $K$, and $\ensuremath{\eta}$. The theory contains only three parameters independent of the number of heavy-quark species involved. They can be determined by the decays ${D}^{*}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}D+\ensuremath{\pi}$, ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{c}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{c}+\ensuremath{\pi}$, and ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{c}^{*}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{c}+\ensuremath{\pi}$. Theoretically, these coupling constants are related, through partial conservation of axial-vector current, to the axial charges of the heavy mesons and the heavy baryons. They are all calculable in the nonrelativistic quark model by using the spin wave functions of these particles alone. The theory is applied to strong decays and semileptonic weak decays of the heavy mesons and baryons. The implications are also discussed.
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TL;DR: Recently, the LHCb Collaboration discovered two hidden-charm pentaquark states, which are also beyond the quark model as discussed by the authors, and investigated various theoretical interpretations of these candidates of the multiquark states.
1,083 citations
Cites methods from "Heavy-quark symmetry and chiral dyn..."
...The effective Lagrangians, which were constructed with the heavy quark symmetry and chiral symmetry [253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258], were adopted to obtain the OPE effective potentials of the Σc(2455)D̄ and Σc(2520)D̄ ∗...
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors review experimental evidences of various candidates of hadronic molecules, and methods of identifying such structures Nonrelativistic effective field theories are the suitable framework for studying hadronic molecule, and are discussed in both the continuum and finite volumes.
Abstract: A large number of experimental discoveries especially in the heavy quarkonium sector that did not at all fit to the expectations of the until then very successful quark model led to a renaissance of hadron spectroscopy Among various explanations of the internal structure of these excitations, hadronic molecules, being analogues of light nuclei, play a unique role since for those predictions can be made with controlled uncertainty We review experimental evidences of various candidates of hadronic molecules, and methods of identifying such structures Nonrelativistic effective field theories are the suitable framework for studying hadronic molecules, and are discussed in both the continuum and finite volumes Also pertinent lattice QCD results are presented Further, we discuss the production mechanisms and decays of hadronic molecules, and comment on the reliability of certain assertions often made in the literature
1,016 citations
Cites background from "Heavy-quark symmetry and chiral dyn..."
...The Cπ contact term can be matched to the chiral Lagrangian for the interaction between heavy and light mesons (Burdman and Donoghue, 1992; Guo et al., 2008a; Wise, 1992; Yan et al., 1992)....
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...After combining with a heavy quark, the sextet and anti-triplet give the B6(1/2+), B∗6(3/2 +) and B3̄(1/2 +) baryon multiplets, respectively, as (Yan et al., 1992) B6 = Σc(2455) ++ 1√ 2 Σc(2455) + 1√ 2 Ξ′+c 1√ 2 Σc(2455) + Σc(2455) 0 1√ 2 Ξ′0c 1√ 2 Ξ′+c 1√ 2 Ξ′0c Ω 0 c , 14 TABLE IV Same as Table…...
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TL;DR: The physics of the SLAC and KEK B Factories are described in this paper, with a brief description of the detectors, BaBar and Belle, and data taking related issues.
Abstract: This work is on the Physics of the B Factories. Part A of this book contains a brief description of the SLAC and KEK B Factories as well as their detectors, BaBar and Belle, and data taking related issues. Part B discusses tools and methods used by the experiments in order to obtain results. The results themselves can be found in Part C.
413 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the decay constants and form factors of the ground-state s-wave and low-lying p-wave mesons within a covariant light-front approach were studied.
Abstract: We study the decay constants and form factors of the ground-state s-wave and low-lying p-wave mesons within a covariant light-front approach. Numerical results of the form factors for transitions between a heavy pseudoscalar meson and an s-wave or p-wave meson and their momentum dependence are presented in detail. In particular, form factors for heavy-to-light and B to D** transitions, where D** denotes generically a p-wave charmed meson, are compared with other model calculations. The experimental measurements of the decays B^- to D** pi^- and B to D D**_s are employed to test the decay constants of D**_s and the B to D** transition form factors. The heavy quark limit behavior of the decay constants and form factors is examined and it is found that the requirement of heavy quark symmetry is satisfied. The universal Isgur-Wise (IW) functions, one for s-wave to s-wave and two for s-wave to p-wave transitions, are obtained. The values of IW functions at zero recoil and their slope parameters can be used to test the Bjorken and Uraltsev sum rules.
278 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the final-state rescattering effects on the hadronic $B$ decay rates and their impact on direct CP violation and showed that the effect of rescattering on the CP violation is very small in the standard model even after the inclusion of FSIs.
Abstract: There exist many experimental indications that final-state interactions (FSIs) may play a prominent role not only in charmful $B$ decays but also in charmless $B$ ones. We examine the final-state rescattering effects on the hadronic $B$ decay rates and their impact on direct CP violation. The color-suppressed neutral modes such as ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0},{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0},{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0},{K}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ can be substantially enhanced by long-distance rescattering effects. The direct CP-violating partial rate asymmetries in charmless $B$ decays to $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}/\ensuremath{\pi}K$ and $\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\pi}$ are significantly affected by final-state rescattering, and their signs are generally different from that predicted by the short-distance (SD) approach. For example, direct CP asymmetry in ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ is increased to around 60% due to final-state rescattering effects whereas the short-distance picture gives about 1%. Evidence of direct CP violation in the decay ${\overline{B}}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ is now established, while the combined BABAR and Belle measurements of ${\overline{B}}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}$ imply a $3.6\ensuremath{\sigma}$ direct CP asymmetry in the ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ mode. Our predictions for CP violation agree with experiment in both magnitude and sign, whereas the QCD factorization predictions (especially for ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) seem to have some difficulty with the data. Direct CP violation in the decay ${B}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ is very small ($\ensuremath{\lesssim}1%$) in the standard model even after the inclusion of FSIs. Its measurement will provide a nice way to search for new physics as in the standard model QCD penguins cannot contribute (except by isospin violation). Current data on $\ensuremath{\pi}K$ modes seem to violate the isospin sum-rule relation, suggesting the presence of electroweak penguin contributions. We have also investigated whether a large transverse polarization in $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\phi}{K}^{*}$ can arise from the final-state rescattering of ${D}^{(*)}{\overline{D}}_{s}^{(*)}$ into $\ensuremath{\phi}{K}^{*}$. While the longitudinal polarization fraction can be reduced significantly from short-distance predictions due to such FSI effects, no sizable perpendicular polarization is found owing mainly to the large cancellations occurring in the processes $\overline{B}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}_{s}^{*}\overline{D}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\phi}{\overline{K}}^{*}$ and $\overline{B}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}_{s}{\overline{D}}^{*}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\phi}{\overline{K}}^{*}$, and this can be understood as a consequence of CP and SU(3) [CPS] symmetry. To fully account for the polarization anomaly (especially the perpendicular polarization) observed in $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\phi}{K}^{*}$, FSI from other states or other mechanism, e.g., the penguin-induced annihilation, may have to be invoked. Our conclusion is that the small value of the longitudinal polarization in $VV$ modes cannot be regarded as a clean signal for new physics.
259 citations
References
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Tohoku University1, University of Zurich2, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory3, Stanford University4, College of William & Mary5, University of Urbino6, CERN7, Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics8, University of California, Irvine9, Cornell University10, Argonne National Laboratory11, ETH Zurich12, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research13, Hillsdale College14, Spanish National Research Council15, Ohio State University16, University of Notre Dame17, Kent State University18, University of California, San Diego19, University of California, Berkeley20, University of Minnesota21, University of Alabama22, University of Helsinki23, Los Alamos National Laboratory24, California Institute of Technology25, George Washington University26, Syracuse University27, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory28, Oklahoma State University–Stillwater29, University of Washington30, Max Planck Society31, Boston University32, University of California, Los Angeles33, Royal Holloway, University of London34, Université Paris-Saclay35, University of Pennsylvania36, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign37, University of Bristol38, University of Tokyo39, University of Delaware40, Carnegie Mellon University41, University of California, Santa Cruz42, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology43, Heidelberg University44, Florida State University45, University of Mainz46, University of Edinburgh47, Brookhaven National Laboratory48, Durham University49, University of Lausanne50, Massachusetts Institute of Technology51, University of Southampton52, Nagoya University53, University of Oxford54, Northwestern University55, University of British Columbia56, Columbia University57, Lund University58, University of Sheffield59, University of California, Santa Barbara60, Iowa State University61, University of Alberta62, University of Cambridge63
TL;DR: This biennial Review summarizes much of Particle Physics using data from previous editions, plus 2205 new measurements from 667 papers, and features expanded coverage of CP violation in B mesons and of neutrino oscillations.
Abstract: This biennial Review summarizes much of Particle Physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 2205 new measurements from 667 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. This edition features expanded coverage of CP violation in B mesons and of neutrino oscillations. For the first time we cover searches for evidence of extra dimensions (both in the particle listings and in a new review). Another new review is on Grand Unified Theories. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website: http://pdg.lbl.gov.
5,143 citations
118 citations