Journal ArticleDOI
Hepatitis E virus.
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TLDR
Hepatitis E virus is an enterically transmitted virus that causes both epidemics and sporadic cases of acute hepatitis in many countries of Asia and Africa but only rarely causes disease in more industrialised countries.Abstract:
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus with a 7.2 kb genome that is capped and polyadenylated. The virus is currently unclassified: the organisation of the genome resembles that of the Caliciviridae but sequence analyses suggest it is more closely related to the Togaviridae. Hepatitis E virus is an enterically transmitted virus that causes both epidemics and sporadic cases of acute hepatitis in many countries of Asia and Africa but only rarely causes disease in more industrialised countries. Initially the virus was believed to have a limited geographical distribution. However, serological studies suggest that HEV may be endemic also in the United States and Europe even though it infrequently causes overt disease in these countries. Many different animal species worldwide recently have been shown to have antibodies to HEV suggesting that hepatitis E may be zoonotic. Although two related strains have been experimentally transmitted between species, direct transmission from an animal to a human has not been documented. There are four currently recognised genotypes and two of the four contain viruses isolated from swine as well as from humans. Regardless of country of origin or genotype of the virus, most, if not all, strains belong to a single serotype. A promising recombinant vaccine candidate comprised of a truncated capsid protein is currently under evaluation in Nepal.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Hepatitis E virus and chronic hepatitis in organ-transplant recipients.
Nassim Kamar,Janick Selves,Jean-Michel Mansuy,Leila Ouezzani,Jean-Marie Péron,Joelle Guitard,Olivier Cointault,Laure Esposito,Florence Abravanel,Marie Danjoux,Dominique Durand,Jean-Pierre Vinel,Jacques Izopet,Lionel Rostaing +13 more
TL;DR: The time from transplantation to diagnosis was significantly shorter and the total counts of lymphocytes and of CD2, CD3, and CD4 T cells were significantly lower in patients in whom chronic disease developed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phylogenetic analysis of global hepatitis E virus sequences: genetic diversity, subtypes and zoonosis.
TL;DR: In most areas where HEV genotypes 3 and 4 were characterised, sequences from both humans and animals were highly conserved, indicating they originated from the same infectious sources.
Journal ArticleDOI
A broadly reactive one-step real-time RT-PCR assay for rapid and sensitive detection of hepatitis E virus.
Narayanan Jothikumar,Narayanan Jothikumar,Theresa L. Cromeans,Betty H. Robertson,Xiang-Jin Meng,Vincent R. Hill +5 more
TL;DR: The TaqMan assay detected as few as four genome equivalent (GE) copies of HEV plasmid DNA and detected as low as 0.12 50% pig infectious dose (PID50) of swine HEV in the real-time RT-PCR assay.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hepatitis E: an emerging awareness of an old disease.
TL;DR: Although hepatitis E was recognized as a new disease in 1980, the virus was first visualized in 1983 and its genome was cloned and characterized in 1991, the disease is probably ancient but not recognized until modern times.
Journal ArticleDOI
Efficacy and safety of a recombinant hepatitis E vaccine in healthy adults: a large-scale, randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
Fengcai Zhu,Jun Zhang,Xuefeng Zhang,Cheng Zhou,Zhong-Ze Wang,Shoujie Huang,Hua Wang,Chang-Lin Yang,Han-Min Jiang,Jia-Ping Cai,Yi-Jun Wang,Xing Ai,Yuemei Hu,Quan Tang,Xin Yao,Qiang Yan,Yangling Xian,Ting Wu,Yimin Li,Ji Miao,Mun-Hon Ng,James Wai-Kuo Shih,Ningshao Xia +22 more
TL;DR: HEV 239 is well tolerated and effective in the prevention of hepatitis E in the general population in China, including both men and women age 16-65 years and no vaccination-related serious adverse event was noted.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A novel virus in swine is closely related to the human hepatitis E virus
Xiang-Jin Meng,Robert H. Purcell,Patrick G. Halbur,James R. Lehman,Dale M. Webb,Tatiana S. Tsareva,Joseph S. Haynes,Brad J. Thacker,Suzanne U. Emerson +8 more
TL;DR: The discovery of swine HEV not only has implications for HEV vaccine development, diagnosis, and biology, but also raises a potential public health concern for zoonosis or xenozoonosis following xenotransplantation with pig organs.
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Hepatitis E virus (HEV): molecular cloning and sequencing of the full-length viral genome.
Albert W. Tam,Matthew M. Smith,Martha E. Guerra,Chiao Chain Huang,Daniel W. Bradley,Kirk E. Fry,Gregory R. Reyes +6 more
TL;DR: Findings on the genetic organization and expression strategy of HEV suggest that it is the prototype human pathogen for a new class of RNA virus or perhaps a separate genus within the Caliciviridae family.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence for a virus in non-A, non-B hepatitis transmitted via the fecal-oral route.
M. S. Balayan,A.G. Andjaparidze,S.S. Savinskaya,E.S Ketiladze,D.M. Braginsky,A.P. Savinov,V.F. Poleschuk +6 more
TL;DR: Intravenous inoculation of cynomolgus monkeys with the virus-containing stool extract resulted in histopathologically and enzymatically confirmed hepatitis, excretion of virus-like particles, and antibody response to them.
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Genetic and Experimental Evidence for Cross-Species Infection by Swine Hepatitis E Virus
Xiang-Jin Meng,Patrick G. Halbur,Max Shapiro,Sugantha Govindarajan,J. Bruna,Isa K. Mushahwar,Robert H. Purcell,Suzanne U. Emerson +7 more
TL;DR: The results suggested that swine HEV may infect humans, and in a reciprocal experiment, specific-pathogen-free pigs were experimentally infected with the US-2 strain of human HEV that is genetically similar to swineHEV.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prevalence of Antibodies to Hepatitis E Virus in Veterinarians Working with Swine and in Normal Blood Donors in the United States and Other Countries
Xiang-Jin Meng,Barry Wiseman,François Elvinger,D. K. Guenette,Thomas E. Toth,Ronald E. Engle,Suzanne U. Emerson,Robert H. Purcell +7 more
TL;DR: There was a difference in anti- HEV prevalence in both swine veterinarians and blood donors among the eight selected states, with subjects from Minnesota six times more likely to be anti-HEV positive than those from Alabama, and age was not a factor in the observed differences.