Journal ArticleDOI
Heterogeneity of CNS myeloid cells and their roles in neurodegeneration
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TLDR
This work distinguishes brain myeloid subtypes with regard to their origin, function and fate in the brain and illustrates the divergent features of these cells during neurodegeneration.Abstract:
The diseased brain hosts a heterogeneous population of myeloid cells, including parenchymal microglia, perivascular cells, meningeal macrophages and blood-borne monocytes. To date, the different types of brain myeloid cells have been discriminated solely on the basis of their localization, morphology and surface epitope expression. However, recent data suggest that resident microglia may be functionally distinct from bone marrow- or blood-derived phagocytes, which invade the CNS under pathological conditions. During the last few years, research on brain myeloid cells has been markedly changed by the advent of new tools in imaging, genetics and immunology. These methodologies have yielded unexpected results, which challenge the traditional view of brain macrophages. On the basis of these new studies, we differentiate brain myeloid subtypes with regard to their origin, function and fate in the brain and illustrate the divergent features of these cells during neurodegeneration.read more
Citations
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NLRP3 is activated in Alzheimer´s disease and contributes to pathology in APP/PS1 mice
Michael T. Heneka,Markus P. Kummer,Andrea Stutz,Andrea Delekate,Stephanie Schwartz,Ana Vieira-Saecker,Angelika Griep,Daisy Axt,Anita Remus,Te-Chen Tzeng,Ellen Gelpi,Annett Halle,Martin Korte,Eicke Latz,Eicke Latz,Douglas T. Golenbock +15 more
TL;DR: The role of the NLRP3/caspase-1 axis in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease was investigated in this article, which showed an important role for the inflammasome.
Journal ArticleDOI
Identification of a unique TGF-β–dependent molecular and functional signature in microglia
Oleg Butovsky,Mark P. Jedrychowski,Craig S. Moore,Ron Cialic,Amanda J. Lanser,Galina Gabriely,Thomas Koeglsperger,Ben Dake,Pauline M. Wu,Camille Doykan,Zain Fanek,LiPing Liu,Zhuoxun Chen,Jeffrey D. Rothstein,Richard M. Ransohoff,Steven P. Gygi,Jack P. Antel,Howard L. Weiner +17 more
TL;DR: It is found that TGF-β was required for the in vitro development of microglia that express the microglial molecular signature characteristic of adultmicroglia and that microglian were absent in the CNS of TGF -β1–deficient mice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tissue-resident macrophages
TL;DR: The tissue niche-specific factors that dictate cell phenotype are discussed, which will allow new strategies to promote the restoration of tissue homeostasis and explain why simplified models of macrophage activation do not explain the extent of heterogeneity seen in vivo.
Journal ArticleDOI
Immune attack: the role of inflammation in Alzheimer disease
TL;DR: As inflammation in AD primarily concerns the innate immune system — unlike in 'typical' neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis and encephalitides — the concept of neuroinflammation in AD may need refinement.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Central Nervous System
TL;DR: The evolution of Nervous Control from Primitive Organisms to Man and its role in the development of Man is illustrated.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Fate Mapping Analysis Reveals That Adult Microglia Derive from Primitive Macrophages
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Blood Monocytes Consist of Two Principal Subsets with Distinct Migratory Properties
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