Heterogeneous electrospun polycaprolactone/polyethylene glycol membranes with improved wettability, biocompatibility, and mineralization
05 May 2017-Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects (Elsevier)-Vol. 520, pp 105-113
TL;DR: Heterogeneous scaffolds from a blend of PCL with polyethylene glycol that is composed of nano-nets along with backbone/main fibers are proposed via an electro-spinning/netting (ESN) technique and revealed that the heterogeneous fibrous membrane could be useful in the design and tailoring of a suitable structure as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
About: This article is published in Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects.The article was published on 2017-05-05. It has received 50 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Membrane & Biocompatibility.
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14 Aug 2018
TL;DR: This review will cover the fundamental basis of cell adhesion, differentiation, and proliferation of the electrospun fibers in bone tissue scaffolds, and the current development and future perspectives on the use of Electrospun mats inBone tissue engineering.
Abstract: Bone tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field where the principles of engineering are applied on bone-related biochemical reactions. Scaffolds, cells, growth factors, and their interrelation in microenvironment are the major concerns in bone tissue engineering. Among many alternatives, electrospinning is a promising and versatile technique that is used to fabricate polymer fibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. Copolymerization and polymer blending is a promising strategic way in purpose of getting synergistic and additive effect achieved from either polymer. In this review, we summarize the basic chemistry of bone, principle of electrospinning, and polymers that are used in bone tissue engineering. Particular attention will be given on biomechanical properties and biological activities of these electrospun fibers. This review will cover the fundamental basis of cell adhesion, differentiation, and proliferation of the electrospun fibers in bone tissue scaffolds. In the last section, we offer the current development and future perspectives on the use of electrospun mats in bone tissue engineering.
171 citations
TL;DR: This study has developed a promising fibrous site-specific drug-delivery platform with NIR- and pH-triggering that notably utilizes PPy as a dopant for synergistic photothermal chemotherapy.
Abstract: Localized drug-delivery systems (LDDSs) are a promising approach for cancer treatment because they decrease systematic toxicity and enhance the therapeutic effect of the drugs via site-specific delivery of active compounds and possible gradual release. However, the development of LDDS with rationally controlled drug release and intelligent functionality holds great challenge. To this end, we have developed a tailorable fibrous site-specific drug-delivery platform functionalized with pH- and near-infrared (NIR)-responsive polypyrrole (PPy), with the aim of cancer treatment via a combination of photothermal ablation and chemotherapy. First, a paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) (PCL-PTX) mat was prepared by electrospinning and subsequently in situ membrane surface-functionalized with different concentrations of PPy. The obtained PPy-functionalized mats exhibited excellent photostability and heating property in response to NIR exposure. PPy-coated mats exhibited enhanced PTX release in a pH 5.5 environment compared to pH 7.4. Release was further accelerated in response to NIR under both conditions; however, superior release was observed at pH 5.5 compared to pH 7.4, indicating a dual stimuli-responsive (pH and NIR) drug-delivery platform. More importantly, the 808 nm NIR irradiation enabled markedly accelerated PTX release from PPy-coated PCL-PTX mats and slowed and sustained release following termination of laser irradiation, confirming representative stepwise drug-release properties. PPy-coated PCL-PTX mats presented significantly enhanced in vitro and in vivo anticancer efficacy under NIR irradiation compared to PPy-coated PCL-PTX mats not exposed to NIR or uncoated mats (PCL-PTX). This study has thus developed a promising fibrous site-specific drug-delivery platform with NIR- and pH-triggering that notably utilizes PPy as a dopant for synergistic photothermal chemotherapy.
70 citations
TL;DR: Findings appear promising for the use of these electrospun scaffolds, based on the combination of polymers used here for numerous orthopedic applications, and those ultrathin fiber characteristics improved hFOB functions.
Abstract: Background Here, electrospun fibers based on a blend of polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) were developed. The careful choice of this polymer combination allowed for the preparation of a biomaterial that preserved the mechanical strength of PCL, while at the same time improving the hydrophilicity of the blended material and human osteoblast maturation. Methods The morphology, chemical structure, wettability, and mechanical properties before and after UV photocrosslinking were evaluated. Furthermore, human osteoblasts (hFOB) were cultivated for up to 21 days on the scaffolds, and their potential to upregulate cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and calcium deposition were investigated. Results Contact angle measurement results showed that the developed scaffolds presented hydrophilic properties after PEG and GelMA incorporation before (25°) and after UV photocross-linking (69°) compared to pure PCL (149°). PCL:PEG:GelMA-UV displayed a slight increase in mechanical strength (elastic modulus ~37 MPa) over PCL alone (~33 MPa). Normally, an increase in strength of fibers leads to a decrease in elongation at break, due to the material becoming less deformable and stiffer, thus leading to breaks at low strain. This behavior was observed by comparing PCL (elongation at break ~106%) and PCL:PEG:GelMA-UV (~50%). Moreover, increases in ALP activity (10-fold at day 14) and calcium deposition (1.3-fold at day 21) by hFOBs were detected after PEG and GelMA incorporation after UV photocross-linking compared to pure PCL. Ultrathin and hydrophilic fibers were obtained after PEG and GelMA incorporation after UV photocrosslinking, but the strength of PCL was maintained. Interestingly, those ultrathin fiber characteristics improved hFOB functions. Conclusion These findings appear promising for the use of these electrospun scaffolds, based on the combination of polymers used here for numerous orthopedic applications.
57 citations
TL;DR: These scaffolds were able to support and enhance cell growth and proliferation facilitating the expression of osteogenic and osteoconductive markers (OCN and OPN) and underline the great importance of the presence of BMP2 in scaffold for bone remodelling as well as the good potential of the newly developed scaffolds for clinical use in tissue engineering.
53 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a polycaprolactone-MXene composite electrospun fibers were synthesized for the first time and evaluated its possible applications in biomedical areas. But, the results showed that preosteoblast cells exhibited higher cell viability compared to fibroblasts.
45 citations
References
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TL;DR: This review presents an overview of the electrospinning technique with its promising advantages and potential applications, and focuses on varied applications of electrospun fibers in different fields.
3,932 citations
TL;DR: Tissue engineering in vitro and in vivo involves the interaction of cells with a material surface, where the nature of the surface can directly influence cellular response, ultimately affecting the rate and quality of new tissue formation.
1,337 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a new model to explain how intrafibrillar mineralization of collagen can be achieved during bone formation, which is based on the concept of intra-fibrilar mineralisation, which refers to the fact that growth of the mineral phase is somehow directed by the collagen matrix.
Abstract: Bone is a hierarchically structured composite material which, in addition to its obvious biological value, has been well studied by the materials engineering community because of its unique structure and mechanical properties. This article will review the existing bone literature, with emphasis on the prevailing theories regarding bone formation and structure, which lay the groundwork for proposing a new model to explain how intrafibrillar mineralization of collagen can be achieved during bone formation. Intrafibrillar refers to the fact that growth of the mineral phase is somehow directed by the collagen matrix, which leads to a nanostructured architecture consisting of uniaxially oriented nanocrystals of hydroxyapatite embedded within and roughly [0 0 1] aligned parallel to the long collagen fibril axes. Secondary (osteonal) bone, the focus of this review, is a laminated organic–inorganic composite composed primarily of collagen, hydroxyapatite, and water; but minor constituents, such as non-collagenous proteins (NCPs), are also present and are thought to play an important role in bone formation. To date, there has been no clear understanding of the role of these NCPs, although it has been generally assumed that the NCPs regulate solution crystal growth via some type of ‘epitaxial’ relationship between specific crystallographic faces and specific protein conformers. Indeed, ‘epitaxial’ relationships have been calculated; but in practice, it has not been demonstrated that intrafibrillar mineralization can be accomplished via this route. Because of the difficulty in examining biomineralization processes in vivo , the authors of this article have turned to using in vitro model systems to investigate the possible physicochemical mechanisms that may be involved in biomineralization. In the case of bone biomineral, we have now been able to duplicate the most fundamental level of bone structure, the interpenetrating nanostructured architecture, using relatively simple anionic polypeptides that mimic the polyanionic character of the NCPs. We propose that the charged polymer acts as a process-directing agent, by which the conventional solution crystallization is converted into a precursor process. This polymer-induced liquid-precursor (PILP) process generates an amorphous liquid-phase mineral precursor to hydroxyapatite which facilitates intrafibrillar mineralization of type-I collagen because the fluidic character of the amorphous precursor phase enables it to be drawn into the nanoscopic gaps and grooves of collagen fibrils by capillary action. The precursor then solidifies and crystallizes upon loss of hydration waters into the more thermodynamically stable phase, leaving the collagen fibrils embedded with nanoscopic hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals. Electron diffraction patterns of the highly mineralized collagen fibrils are nearly identical to those of natural bone, indicating that the HA crystallites are preferentially aligned with [0 0 1] orientation along the collagen fibril axes. In addition, studies of etched samples of natural bone and our mineralized collagen suggest that the long accepted “deck of cards” model of bone's nanostructured architecture is not entirely accurate. Most importantly, this in vitro model demonstrates that a highly specific, epitaxial-type interaction with NCPs is not needed to stimulate crystal nucleation and regulate crystal orientation, as has long been assumed. Instead, we propose that collagen is the primary template for crystal organization, but with the important caveat that this templating occurs only for crystals formed from an infiltrated amorphous precursor. These results suggest that the 25-year-old debate regarding bone formation via an amorphous precursor phase needs to be revisited. From a biomedical perspective, in addition to providing possible insight into the role of NCPs in bone formation, this in vitro system may pave the way toward the ultimate goal of fabricating a synthetic bone substitute that not only has a composition similar to bone, but has comparable mechanical properties and bioresorptive potential as natural bone. From a materials chemistry perspective, the non-specificity of the PILP process and capillary infiltration mechanism suggests that non-biological materials could also be fabricated into nanostructured composites using this “biomimetic” strategy.
1,299 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a variety of solvents were used to investigate the influence of polymer/solvent properties on the fiber surface morphology, and the results showed that polymer properties had a significant influence on fiber morphology.
Abstract: Electrospun fibers were produced using a variety of solvents to investigate the influence of polymer/solvent properties on the fiber surface morphology. Electrospinning is a novel processing techni...
1,224 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a 3D, highly porous, mechanically competent, bioactive and biodegradable scaffolds have been fabricated for the first time by the replication technique using 45S5 Bioglass® powder.
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