Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atmospheric aerosols: a review of results from laboratory experiments
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Cites background from "Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atm..."
...mineral dusts, organics, crystalline sulfate and soot from a compilation of experimental data of sub- and supermicrometer aerosol particles in the literature (Hoose and Möhler, 2012)....
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Additional excerpts
...In contrast, heterogeneous freezing is triggered by foreign particles or macromolecules serving as IN (Hoose and Möhler, 2012; Pummer et al., 2015)....
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...10 shows that biological IN, such as bacteria, are much more efficient IN for immersion freezing than mineral dust or soot, as they can trigger ice formation at high subzero temperatures (Hoose and Möhler, 2012)....
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...…cycle as well as atmospheric chemistry and physics (Amato et al., 2007a; Deguillaume et al., 2008; Diehl and Wurzler, 2010; Diehl et al., 2001; Hoose and Möhler, 2012; Huffman et al., 2013; Möhler et al., 2007; Morris et al., 2014a; Pöschl et al., 2010; Pratt et al., 2009; Prenni et al.,…...
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...…interest (Amato et al., 2015; Andreae and Rosenfeld, 2008; Ariya et al., 2009; Ariya and Amyot, 2004; Després et al., 2012; Haga et al., 2013; Hoose and Möhler, 2012; Huffman et al., 2013; Joly et al., 2014; Mason et al., 2015; Michaud et al., 2014; Möhler et al., 2007; Morris et al., 2014a;…...
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475 citations
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References
24,580 citations
"Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atm..." refers methods or result in this paper
...(2012) used values of the specific surface area determined by BET (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller gas adsorption technique, Brunauer et al., 1938). This method is expected to yield higher surface areas than our simplified assumption of spherical dust particles, because surface irregularities, cracks, etc. contribute to the surface area measured by 5 BET, which then results in a lower value of ns. For soot (Fig. 12a), there is a vast disparity between the INAS densities derived from different experiments. The only true immersion freezing experiment with soot (DeMott, 1990) yields values of ns comparable to mineral dust, and similar results are found by Kanji et al. (2011) above water saturation. By contrast, on the one hand, the INAS 10 density calculated from values given in Dymarska et al. (2006) for one experiment in which ice formation was observed above water saturation, but without indication of liquid droplet formation prior to ice nucleation, are significantly lower....
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...Phys., 12, 9817–9854, 2012 Broadley et al.(2012) and Pinti et al. (2012) used values of the specific surface area determined by BET (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller gas adsorption technique,Brunauer et al., 1938)....
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...(2012) used values of the specific surface area determined by BET (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller gas adsorption technique, Brunauer et al., 1938). This method is expected to yield higher surface areas than our simplified assumption of spherical dust particles, because surface irregularities, cracks, etc. contribute to the surface area measured by 5 BET, which then results in a lower value of ns. For soot (Fig. 12a), there is a vast disparity between the INAS densities derived from different experiments. The only true immersion freezing experiment with soot (DeMott, 1990) yields values of ns comparable to mineral dust, and similar results are found by Kanji et al. (2011) above water saturation. By contrast, on the one hand, the INAS 10 density calculated from values given in Dymarska et al. (2006) for one experiment in which ice formation was observed above water saturation, but without indication of liquid droplet formation prior to ice nucleation, are significantly lower. On the other hand, Gorbunov et al. (2001) measured relatively high activated fractions for soot particles already at −20 ◦C which translate into INAS densities higher than those for mineral dust....
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...(2012) used values of the specific surface area determined by BET (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller gas adsorption technique, Brunauer et al., 1938). This method is expected to yield higher surface areas than our simplified assumption of spherical dust particles, because surface irregularities, cracks, etc. contribute to the surface area measured by 5 BET, which then results in a lower value of ns. For soot (Fig. 12a), there is a vast disparity between the INAS densities derived from different experiments. The only true immersion freezing experiment with soot (DeMott, 1990) yields values of ns comparable to mineral dust, and similar results are found by Kanji et al. (2011) above water saturation....
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...Interactive Discussion D iscssion P aper | D iscssion P aper | D iscssion P aper | D iscssion P aper | Fletcher (1958)’s formulation of Adep does not reproduce the observed nucleation onset curves in regime A, while Chen et al. (2008) and Barahona (2011) tend to agree qualitatively better with the experiments at low temperatures....
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1,171 citations
"Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atm..." refers background in this paper
..., 2007) es,i [Pa] saturation vapor pressure over ice ( Murphy and Koop, 2005) es,w [Pa] saturation vapor pressure over water ( Murphy and Koop, 2005) fhet [#] form factor fIN [#] active fraction 1Fdiff [J] energy for diffusion across the liquid-ice boundary 1gd [J] desorption energy 1Gdep [J] energy for homogeneous germ formation in the deposition mode...
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...The variables are listed in Table A1 and in Phillips et al.(2008). In Fig....
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...(b) Equivalentñs from Phillips et al.(2008) evaluated at water saturation....
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1,134 citations
"Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atm..." refers background in this paper
...Between 200 and 270 K, the term in Eq. (A9) varies only by about a factor 3 if the supersaturation is held constant. However, if temperature is held constant and supersaturation is varied between 1.2 and 1.8, it changes by a factor of more than 10(10). According to Fletcher (1958), the kinetic prefactor is approximately constant with the following value: 10...
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1,093 citations
"Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atm..." refers background in this paper
...The homogeneous nucleation rate of solutes can be formulated as a function of the water activityaw (Koop et al., 2000)....
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1,034 citations