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High-level numerical simulations of noise in CCD and CMOS photosensors: review and tutorial.
Mikhail V. Konnik,James S. Welsh +1 more
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TLDR
A high-level model of CCD and CMOS photosensors based on a literature review is formulated and can be used to create synthetic images for testing and validation of image processing algorithms in the presence of realistic images noise.Abstract:
In many applications, such as development and testing of image processing algorithms, it is often necessary to simulate images containing realistic noise from solid-state photosensors. A high-level model of CCD and CMOS photosensors based on a literature review is formulated in this paper. The model includes photo-response non-uniformity, photon shot noise, dark current Fixed Pattern Noise, dark current shot noise, offset Fixed Pattern Noise, source follower noise, sense node reset noise, and quantisation noise. The model also includes voltage-to-voltage, voltage-to-electrons, and analogue-to-digital converter non-linearities. The formulated model can be used to create synthetic images for testing and validation of image processing algorithms in the presence of realistic images noise. An example of the simulated CMOS photosensor and a comparison with a custom-made CMOS hardware sensor is presented. Procedures for characterisation from both light and dark noises are described. Experimental results that confirm the validity of the numerical model are provided. The paper addresses the issue of the lack of comprehensive high-level photosensor models that enable engineers to simulate realistic effects of noise on the images obtained from solid-state photosensors.read more
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対数正規分布(Lognormal Distribution)のあてはめについて
寛三 日野,Kanzo Hino +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a lognormally distributed random variable Z = exp(Y) where exp stands for the exponential function (exp(x) = e x) is calculated and the mean Z and the standard deviation s Z of the lognormal variable are related to the mean Y and standard deviation S Y of the normal variable by( 2 / exp() exp(2 Y s Y Z = [1] 5.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
A Physics-Based Noise Formation Model for Extreme Low-Light Raw Denoising
TL;DR: A highly accurate noise formation model based on the characteristics of CMOS photosensors is presented, thereby enabling us to synthesize realistic samples that better match the physics of image formation process.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
High Contrast Imaging for Python (HCIPy): an open-source adaptive optics and coronagraph simulator
Emiel H. Por,Sebastiaan Y. Haffert,Vikram Mark Radhakrishnan,David S. Doelman,Maaike van Kooten,Steven P. Bos +5 more
TL;DR: HCIPy as discussed by the authors is a package written in Python for simulating the interplay between wavefront control and coronagraphic systems by defining an element which merges values/coefficients with its sampling grid/modal basis into a single object called Field.
Noise Reduction Techniques In Electronic Systems
TL;DR: Noise reduction techniques in electronic systems is universally compatible with any devices to read and an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characteristics and Performance of Image Sensor Communication
Wei Huang,Zhengyuan Xu +1 more
TL;DR: Noise characteristics and system performance for CMOS image sensor communication are investigated, and a unified channel model in the pixel-matched case is proposed, and the communication signal-to-noise ratio is defined and demonstrated in different parameter settings.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Statistics of the Recombinations of Holes and Electrons
William Shockley,W. T. Read +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the statistics of the recombination of holes and electrons in semiconductors were analyzed on the basis of a model in which the recombinations occurred through the mechanism of trapping.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Lognormal Distribution.
J. Aitchison,J. A. C. Brown +1 more
TL;DR: Lloyds Bank has its main root in a substantial private bank founded in Birmingham nearly two centuries ago; one hundred years ago this Bank still had only the one office in Birmingham, with a related private banking house in Lombard Street, and by amalgamation it has absorbed scores of other eighteenth and nineteenth century banks, both private and joint stock, and at least two of the former reach back into Restoration London, perhaps Cromwellian London.
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The lognormal distribution
TL;DR: Lloyds Bank has its main root in a substantial private bank founded in Birmingham nearly two centuries ago; one hundred years ago this Bank still had only the one office in Birmingham, with a related private banking house in Lombard Street, and by amalgamation it has absorbed scores of other eighteenth and nineteenth century banks, both private and joint stock, and at least two of the former reach back into Restoration London, perhaps Cromwellian London.