High power DC-DC converters under large load and input voltage variations: a new approach
01 Jan 2005-pp 815-820
TL;DR: A new control strategy by compromising both schemes and derivation of dynamic current reference is proposed, analyzed and simulated and considerations for realization with DSP controllers are addressed.
Abstract: DC/DC switching converters have been used in many applications in recent years. The sliding mode control based on VSS (variable structure system) theory has been examined for all switch mode converter types, whilst current mode (CM) control scheme is particularly applied to DC/DC converters. In this paper, a new control strategy by compromising both schemes and derivation of dynamic current reference is proposed, analyzed and simulated. Moreover, considerations for realization with DSP controllers are addressed
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TL;DR: In this article, a thorough review on power DC/DC converters with MPPT algorithm is presented, and the design and optimization of different parameters are addressed systematically, while future challenges and focusing trends are briefly described.
Abstract: Over the last few decennia, power DC/DC converters have been the subject of great interest due to its extensive increment of utilization in different applications. A thorough review on recent developed power DC/DC converters is presented in this paper. The study is focused on the topologies in different applications such as renewable energy, automobile, high-voltage and medium-voltage DC power systems, telecommunication, etc. In addition, an overview of the modulation techniques, the state-of-the-art of control strategies of well-established converters are discussed. Photovoltaic (PV) systems as the noticeable renewable energy resources generally suffer from poor conversion efficiency with instability and intermittent characteristics. Therefore, DC/DC converter with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm is essential to ensure maximum available power harnessed from the PV. Important features of DC/DC converters with MPPT are also figured with various performances. Furthermore, the design and optimization of different parameters are addressed systematically. Finally, the researcher’s future challenges and focusing trends are briefly described. For the next-generation converters design and applications, these are considered in details, and will provide useful framework and point of references.
193 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new multi-output DC/DC converter topology that has step-up and step-down conversion capabilities is presented, where several output voltages can be generated and can be used in different applications such as multi-level converters with diode-clamped topology or power supplies with several voltage levels.
Abstract: This study presents a new multi-output DC/DC converter topology that has step-up and step-down conversion capabilities. In this topology, several output voltages can be generated and can be used in different applications such as multi-level converters with diode-clamped topology or power supplies with several voltage levels. Steady-state and dynamic equations of the proposed multi-output converter have been developed; these can be used for steady state and transient analysis. Two control techniques have been proposed for this topology, based on constant and dynamic hysteresis band height control, to address different applications. Simulations have been performed for different operating modes and load conditions to verify the proposed topology and its control technique. Additionally, a laboratory prototype is designed and implemented to verify the simulation results.
51 citations
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References
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TL;DR: The main arguments in favor of sliding-mode control are order reduction, decoupling design procedure, disturbance rejection, insensitivity to parameter variations, and simple implementation by means of power converters.
Abstract: The basic concepts, mathematics, and design aspects of variable-structure systems as well as those with sliding modes as a principle operation mode are treated. The main arguments in favor of sliding-mode control are order reduction, decoupling design procedure, disturbance rejection, insensitivity to parameter variations, and simple implementation by means of power converters. The control algorithms and data processing used in variable structure systems are analyzed. The potential of sliding mode control methodology is demonstrated for versatility of electric drives and functional goals of control. >
1,890 citations
"High power DC-DC converters under l..." refers background in this paper
...For SM control scheme, however, the main idea is to find a sliding surface for a certain linear combination of current and voltage variables and force it to fall between defined boundary values [ 3 ], [4], [5]....
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...reaching,[1],[ 3 ],[4],[7]and stability conditions are satisfied....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a current-mode control power convertor model that is accurate at frequencies from DC to half the switching frequency is described for constant-frequency operation, using a simple pole-zero transfer function, which is able to predict subharmonic oscillation without the need for discrete-time z-transform models.
Abstract: A current-mode control power convertor model that is accurate at frequencies from DC to half the switching frequency is described for constant-frequency operation. Using a simple pole-zero transfer function, the model is able to predict subharmonic oscillation without the need for discrete-time z-transform models. The accuracy of sampled-data modeling is incorporated into the model by a second-order representation of the sampled-data transfer function which is valid up to half the switching frequency. Predictions of current loop gain; control-to-output; output impedance; and audio susceptibility transfer functions were confirmed with measurements on a buck converter. The audio susceptibility of the buck converter can be nulled with the appropriate value of external ramp. The modeling concentrates on constant-frequency pulse-width modulation (PWM) converters, but the methods can be applied to variable-frequency control and discontinuous conduction mode. >
790 citations
"High power DC-DC converters under l..." refers background in this paper
...In [10],[ 12 ],[14] the implementation of current mode control for Buck, Boost and Buck-Boost converters are investigated, modification of current reference according to input voltage or output current (load) variations is still a big problem....
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TL;DR: In this article, an application of variable structure systems theory, and the associated sliding regimes of the systems, is presented to study energy transfers between dynamic storage elements in lossless bilinear networks and obtain a feasible reformulation of the constant regulation problem in dc-dc switch-mode power converters (SPC's) usually treated by approximate state-space averaging techniques on pulse width modulation (PWM) control schemes.
Abstract: This article presents an application of variable structure systems theory, and the associated sliding regimes (Utkin [1]-[4]) of the systems, 1) to study energy transfers between dynamic storage elements in lossless bilinear networks and 2) to obtain a feasible reformulation of the constant regulation problem in dc-dc switch-mode power converters (SPC's) usually treated by approximate state-space averaging techniques on pulse width modulation (PWM) control schemes. The approach exploits the geometric aspects of the problems and obtains an analysis and design methodology, based on the ideal sliding mode qualitative characteristics, which is intuitively clear, mathematically feasible, and devoid of approximations.
357 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a general small-signal model for current-programmed switching power stages is used for design-oriented analysis of a 150 W buck regulator and a 280 W boost regulator.
Abstract: A general small-signal model for current-programmed switching power stages is used for design-oriented analysis of a 150 W buck regulator and a 280 W boost regulator. The model, into which the current-programming minor feedback loop is absorbed, exposes the desired tendency towards 'constant' output current. The regulator voltage loop remains the only explicit feedback loop, allowing the regulator closed-loop properties to be easily obtained from those of the open-loop current-programmed power stage. The design-oriented analytic results allow easy inference of the effects of element changes on the regulator performance functions. Results are obtained for the regulator line-to-output transfer function (audio susceptibility) and output impedance. >
296 citations
20 Jun 1993
TL;DR: In this paper, a general-purpose sliding-mode controller is described, which can be applied to most DC-DC power converter topologies and provides extreme robustness and speed of response against supply, load, and parameter variations.
Abstract: A general-purpose sliding-mode controller is described, which can be applied to most DC-DC power converter topologies. It has the same circuit complexity as standard current-mode controllers, but provides extreme robustness and speed of response against supply, load, and parameter variations. Moreover, contrary to other sliding-mode techniques, the proposed solution features constant switching frequency in the steady state, synchronization to external triggers, and absence of steady-state errors in the output voltage. >
260 citations