High quality perovskite film solar cell using methanol as additive with 19.5% power conversion efficiency
TL;DR: In this article, a one-step solution approach was developed to prepare high quality methylammonium lead trihalide (MAPbI3) perovskite films.
Abstract: In this paper, a novel one-step solution approach is developed to prepare high quality methylammonium lead trihalide (MAPbI3) perovskite films. This approach employs methanol as additive, which is added into the perovskite precursor solution. The use of methanol can enhance the absorption of MAPbI3 and significantly improve the coverage of MAPbI3 on a planar substrate. The fabricated perovskite solar cell (PSC) with methanol exhibits a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared with that without methanol (19.51% vs 16.53%). Furthermore, the power conversion efficiencies of devices with methanol are still high after kept in dark under ambient environment for 30 days. This work provides a method to prepare high quality perovskite films for planar perovskite solar cells with high performance.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a review of perovskite-based solar cells is presented, focusing on the recent progress in morphology optimizations by various processing conditions such as annealing condition, additive effects, Lewis acid base adduct approach, precursor solution aging and post-device ligand treatment emphasizing on grain sizes, film uniformity, defect passivation, ambient compatibility and device efficiency and stability.
Abstract: Hybrid organic–inorganic halide perovskite based solar cell technology has passed through a phase of unprecedented growth in the efficiency scale from 3.8% to above 25% within a decade. This technology has drawn tremendous research interest because of facile solution processability, ease of large scale manufacturing and ultra-low cost production of perovskite based thin film solar cells. It has been observed that performances of perovskite-based solar cells are extremely dependent on the morphology and crystallinity of the perovskite layer. The high-quality perovskite films have made a significant impact on the fabrication of efficient and stable hybrid perovskite solar cells. It has also been observed that device lifetime depends on the perovskite morphology; devices with larger perovskite grains degrade slowly than those of the smaller ones. Various methods of perovskite growth such as sequential deposition, doctor blading, slot die coating and spray coating have been applied to achieve the most appropriate morphology necessary for highly efficient and stable solar cells. This review focuses on the recent progress in morphology optimizations by various processing condition such as annealing condition, additive effects, Lewis acid–base adduct approach, precursor solution aging and post-device ligand treatment emphasizing on grain sizes, film uniformity, defect passivation, ambient compatibility and device efficiency and stability. In this review, we also discussed recently developed bifacial stamping technique and deposition methods for large-area and roll-to-roll fabrication of highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
52 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a micro-nanostructured composite of Ni-encapsulated and N-doped carbon nanotubes (Ni@NCNTs) was constructed by a two-step synthesis strategy.
Abstract: A new micro-nanostructured composite (NOMC-Ni@NCNTs) of Ni-encapsulated and N-doped carbon nanotubes (Ni@NCNTs) pinned on N-doped ordered mesoporous carbon (NOMC) is constructed by a two-step synthesis strategy. The strategy involves the self-assembly preparation of water-soluble phenolic resin/F127 colloid by a hydrothermal route and the subsequent catalytic pyrolysis of as-prepared phenolic resin/F127 copolymer and melamine with nickel acetate as Ni source and self-generated catalyst, leading to the in situ growth of dispersive Ni@NCNTs pinned on NOMC through the Ni junction. In the resultant NOMC-Ni@NCNTs, the NOMC shows reduced particle size and shortened mesopore channel length of 15–30 μm compared to 850 μm-2 mm of pristine NOMC. The pinned Ni@NCNTs constructs a 3D conductive scaffold in the composite and the conductivity is correspondingly raised from 20.4 S cm−1 of pristine NOMC to 254.1 S cm−1 of NOMC-Ni@NCNTs. The particle size, mesoporosity and surface area of NOMC-Ni@NCNTs composite are also flexibly regulated by tailoring the relative content of Ni@NCNTs and NOMC. The new-structured NOMC-Ni@NCNTs composites are developed as counter electrode (CE) materials for DSSCs, which demonstrates an excellent catalytic activity towards I 3 - reduction. The optimum NOMC-Ni@NCNTs CE delivers a low charge-transfer resistance of 2.21 Ω and the assembled DSSC achieves a high power conversion efficiency of 8.39%. Moreover, the NOMC-Ni@NCNTs CE based DSSC also manifests a preeminent electrochemical stability in corrosive I - / I 3 - electrolyte with a remnant efficiency of 7.82% after 72 h of illumination. The outstanding electrocatalytic performance is mainly correlated with their unique architecture, in which the pinned Ni@NCNTs conductive substrate accelerates the electron transportation among NOMC micron-particles, and the amorphous NOMC with short-range mesopores accelerates the electrolyte diffusion and supplies abundant ions-accessible defects for I 3 - reduction.
28 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a low-cost mixed solution of ethanol/MACl (Et-M) was introduced into the FAI/MABr precursor to boost crystal grain size and surface quality of triple cation perovskite films.
Abstract: In recent years, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted considerable attention due to their low-cost and simple fabrication. Among the perovskite materials, Cs/FA/MA triple cation perovskites, because of its outstanding photovoltaic (PV) properties and stability, have been developed. In this research, triple cation PSCs were fabricated by using a sequential deposition method (SDM) without anti-solvent in ambient air. A novel low-cost mixed solution of ethanol/MACl (Et-M) was introduced into the FAI/MABr precursor to boost crystal grain size and surface quality of triple cation perovskite films. Photovoltaic devices based on Et-M additive demonstrate a higher averaging efficiency of 13.18% than 9.49% of the without additive devices. Results revealed that our new suggested Et-M additive increase crystal grain size more than the conventional MACl additive method in ambient air. Additionally, the defects passivation by Et-M additive increased the ambient and thermal stability of devices. It led to Et-M based devices retain 84% of their initial efficiency (76% for devices with MACl additive) within the 1500 h aging time in dry airbox (30% RH). Obtained results show a low-cost and simple method to improve PV performance and stability of fully ambient air processed triple cation PSCs.
22 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlight the multifaceted nature of perovskite materials by covering a brief background, common crystallographic structures, and the importance of doping with different elements.
Abstract: In order to meet the continuously growing demand for clean energy, a plethora of advanced materials have been exploited for energy storage applications. Among these materials, perovskites belong to a relatively new family of compounds with the structural formula of ABX3. These compounds exhibit a variety of electrical, optical, and electronic properties to adopt them for a variety of energy conversion and storage applications. The present review highlights the multifaceted nature of perovskite materials by covering a brief background, common crystallographic structures, and the importance of doping with different elements. Our discussion is extended further on the strategic energy applications of perovskites in modern devices such as fuel cells, lithium batteries, supercapacitors, LEDs, and solar cells.
18 citations
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TL;DR: In this article , a 2-terminal (2T) monolithic perovskite/organic tandem solar cell (TSC) incorporating wide bandgap CsPbI2Br is demonstrated as front cell absorber and organic PM6:Y6 blend as rear cell absorbber, to extend the absorption of OSCs into high energy photon region.
Abstract: Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on polymer donor and non‐fullerene acceptor achieve power conversion efficiency (PCE) more than 19% but their poor absorption below 550 nm restricts the harvesting of high‐energy photons. In contrast, wide bandgap all‐inorganic perovskites limit the absorption of low‐energy photons and cause serious below bandgap loss. Therefore, a 2‐terminal (2T) monolithic perovskite/organic tandem solar cell (TSC) incorporating wide bandgap CsPbI2Br is demonstrated as front cell absorber and organic PM6:Y6 blend as rear cell absorber, to extend the absorption of OSCs into high‐energy photon region. The perovskite sub‐cell, featuring a sol–gel prepared ZnO/SnO2 bilayer electron transporting layer, renders a high open‐circuit voltage (VOC). The VOC is further enhanced by employing thermal annealing (TA)‐free process in the fabrication of rear sub‐cell, demonstrating a record high VOC of 2.116 V. The TA‐free Ag/PFN‐Br interface in organic sub‐cell facilitates charge transport and restrains nonradiative recombination. Consequently, a remarkable PCE of 20.6% is achieved in monolithic 2T‐TSCs configuration, which is higher than that of both reported single junction and tandem OSCs, demonstrating that tandem with wide bandgap all‐inorganic perovskite is a promising strategy to improve the efficiency of OSCs.
17 citations
References
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TL;DR: Two organolead halide perovskite nanocrystals were found to efficiently sensitize TiO(2) for visible-light conversion in photoelectrochemical cells, which exhibit strong band-gap absorptions as semiconductors.
Abstract: Two organolead halide perovskite nanocrystals, CH3NH3PbBr3 and CH3NH3PbI3, were found to efficiently sensitize TiO2 for visible-light conversion in photoelectrochemical cells. When self-assembled on mesoporous TiO2 films, the nanocrystalline perovskites exhibit strong band-gap absorptions as semiconductors. The CH3NH3PbI3-based photocell with spectral sensitivity of up to 800 nm yielded a solar energy conversion efficiency of 3.8%. The CH3NH3PbBr3-based cell showed a high photovoltage of 0.96 V with an external quantum conversion efficiency of 65%.
13,033 citations
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TL;DR: A low-cost, solution-processable solar cell, based on a highly crystalline perovskite absorber with intense visible to near-infrared absorptivity, that has a power conversion efficiency of 10.9% in a single-junction device under simulated full sunlight is reported.
Abstract: The energy costs associated with separating tightly bound excitons (photoinduced electron-hole pairs) and extracting free charges from highly disordered low-mobility networks represent fundamental losses for many low-cost photovoltaic technologies. We report a low-cost, solution-processable solar cell, based on a highly crystalline perovskite absorber with intense visible to near-infrared absorptivity, that has a power conversion efficiency of 10.9% in a single-junction device under simulated full sunlight. This "meso-superstructured solar cell" exhibits exceptionally few fundamental energy losses; it can generate open-circuit photovoltages of more than 1.1 volts, despite the relatively narrow absorber band gap of 1.55 electron volts. The functionality arises from the use of mesoporous alumina as an inert scaffold that structures the absorber and forces electrons to reside in and be transported through the perovskite.
7,996 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, transient absorption and photoluminescence-quenching measurements were performed to determine the electron-hole diffusion lengths, diffusion constants, and lifetimes in mixed halide and triiodide perovskite absorbers.
Abstract: Organic-inorganic perovskites have shown promise as high-performance absorbers in solar cells, first as a coating on a mesoporous metal oxide scaffold and more recently as a solid layer in planar heterojunction architectures. Here, we report transient absorption and photoluminescence-quenching measurements to determine the electron-hole diffusion lengths, diffusion constants, and lifetimes in mixed halide (CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Cl(x)) and triiodide (CH3NH3PbI3) perovskite absorbers. We found that the diffusion lengths are greater than 1 micrometer in the mixed halide perovskite, which is an order of magnitude greater than the absorption depth. In contrast, the triiodide absorber has electron-hole diffusion lengths of ~100 nanometers. These results justify the high efficiency of planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells and identify a critical parameter to optimize for future perovskite absorber development.
6,875 citations
Journal Article•
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TL;DR: In this paper, transient absorption and photoluminescence-quenching measurements were performed to determine the electron-hole diffusion lengths, diffusion constants, and lifetimes in mixed halide and triiodide perovskite absorbers.
Abstract: Organic-inorganic perovskites have shown promise as high-performance absorbers in solar cells, first as a coating on a mesoporous metal oxide scaffold and more recently as a solid layer in planar heterojunction architectures. Here, we report transient absorption and photoluminescence-quenching measurements to determine the electron-hole diffusion lengths, diffusion constants, and lifetimes in mixed halide (CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Cl(x)) and triiodide (CH3NH3PbI3) perovskite absorbers. We found that the diffusion lengths are greater than 1 micrometer in the mixed halide perovskite, which is an order of magnitude greater than the absorption depth. In contrast, the triiodide absorber has electron-hole diffusion lengths of ~100 nanometers. These results justify the high efficiency of planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells and identify a critical parameter to optimize for future perovskite absorber development.
6,454 citations
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TL;DR: Two studies show, using a variety of time-resolved absorption and emission spectroscopic techniques, that perovskite materials manifest relatively long diffusion paths for charge carriers energized by light absorption, highlighting effective carrier diffusion as a fruitful parameter for further optimization.
Abstract: Low-temperature solution-processed photovoltaics suffer from low efficiencies because of poor exciton or electron-hole diffusion lengths (typically about 10 nanometers). Recent reports of highly efficient CH3NH3PbI3-based solar cells in a broad range of configurations raise a compelling case for understanding the fundamental photophysical mechanisms in these materials. By applying femtosecond transient optical spectroscopy to bilayers that interface this perovskite with either selective-electron or selective-hole extraction materials, we have uncovered concrete evidence of balanced long-range electron-hole diffusion lengths of at least 100 nanometers in solution-processed CH3NH3PbI3. The high photoconversion efficiencies of these systems stem from the comparable optical absorption length and charge-carrier diffusion lengths, transcending the traditional constraints of solution-processed semiconductors.
5,100 citations