High-Speed Silicon Photonics Modulators
Citations
101 citations
64 citations
61 citations
Cites background or methods from "High-Speed Silicon Photonics Modula..."
...For fast phase tuning, as aforementioned, electrooptic phase shifting leveraging the plasma dispersion effect is the most popular all-silicon technology [96]....
[...]
...The input vectors are imprinted via high-speed intensity modulators [96]....
[...]
60 citations
Cites background from "High-Speed Silicon Photonics Modula..."
...Challenges, design, and optimization of silicon modulators for general applications and, in particular, for pulse amplitude modulation form a broad and rich topic and have been detailed in recent review papers [107, 108]....
[...]
45 citations
References
3,105 citations
"High-Speed Silicon Photonics Modula..." refers background in this paper
...After an initial focus on graphene-based direct absorption modulators [52], [53], graphene-based phase shifters have also been demonstrated [54]....
[...]
2,502 citations
"High-Speed Silicon Photonics Modula..." refers background in this paper
...carrier mobilities with increasing concentrations [7]), the waveguide losses rise faster than the phase shifter efficiency unless other changes are applied to the phase shifter configuration [21]....
[...]
...In both, modification of the free-carrier concentrations inside the waveguide results in a modification of the material’s refractive index via the free-carrier plasma effect [7]....
[...]
...Nonetheless, modulators remain a key area of investigation in SiP, since they still have a few weak points, improvement of which would go a long way in further increasing the attractiveness of the technology: Relatively high interface coupling losses associated to hybrid light source integration [5], [6] are compounded by the free-carrier absorption losses [7] occurring in carrier depletion/accumulation modulators, straining optical power budgets as short reach communications standards move to signaling rates of 50 Gbaud, four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) and beyond [8]....
[...]
...Based on the free-carrier refraction and absorption data reported at a 1550-nm wavelength in [7], this minimum loss can be calculated to range from 0....
[...]
...From the Drude model, free-carrier-induced refraction and absorption can be modeled as [7]...
[...]
2,336 citations
1,716 citations
1,612 citations
"High-Speed Silicon Photonics Modula..." refers background in this paper
...Since the first demonstration of a silicon photonics (SiP) modulator with gigahertz (GHz) modulation frequencies in 2004 [1], substantial efforts have been made to improve modulation efficiency, bandwidth, and insertion losses....
[...]