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Journal Article•DOI•

High-speed three-dimensional shape measurement for dynamic scenes using bi-frequency tripolar pulse-width-modulation fringe projection

Chao Zuo1, Chao Zuo2, Qian Chen1, Qian Chen2, Guohua Gu1, Shijie Feng1, Fangxiaoyu Feng1, Rubin Li1, Guochen Shen1 •
Nanjing University of Science and Technology1, Beijing Institute of Technology2
01 Aug 2013-Optics and Lasers in Engineering (Elsevier)-Vol. 51, Iss: 8, pp 953-960
TL;DR: A high-speed three-dimensional shape measurement technique for dynamic scenes by using bi-frequency tripolar pulse-width-modulation (TPWM) fringe projection to generate ideal fringe patterns with slight defocus is introduced.
About: This article is published in Optics and Lasers in Engineering.The article was published on 2013-08-01. It has received 302 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Structured-light 3D scanner.
Citations
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Journal Article•DOI•
Phase shifting algorithms for fringe projection profilometry: A review

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Chao Zuo1, Shijie Feng1, Lei Huang2, Tianyang Tao1, Wei Yin1, Qian Chen1 •
Nanjing University of Science and Technology1, Brookhaven National Laboratory2
01 Oct 2018-Optics and Lasers in Engineering
TL;DR: An overview of state-of-the-art phase shifting algorithms for implementing 3D surface profilometry is presented to provide a useful guide to the selection of the most appropriate phase shifting technique for a particular application.

611 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Temporal phase unwrapping algorithms for fringe projection profilometry: A comparative review

[...]

Chao Zuo1, Lei Huang2, Zhang Minliang1, Qian Chen1, Anand Asundi3 •
Nanjing University of Science and Technology1, Brookhaven National Laboratory2, Nanyang Technological University3
01 Oct 2016-Optics and Lasers in Engineering
TL;DR: The results show that the multi-frequency temporal phase unwrapping provides the best unwrapped reliability, while the multi -wavelength approach is the most susceptible to noise-induced unwrappers errors.

598 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
High-speed 3D shape measurement with structured light methods: A review

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Song Zhang1•
Purdue University1
01 Jul 2018-Optics and Lasers in Engineering
TL;DR: The fundamental principles behind the primary state-of-the-art 3D shape measurement techniques based on structured light methods will be elucidated, experimental results will be presented to demonstrate capabilities and/or limitations for those popular techniques, and perspectives on those remaining challenges to be conquered to make advanced 3Dshape measurement techniques ubiquitous are presented.

514 citations

Cites background from "High-speed three-dimensional shape ..."

  • ...[59] Zuo C , Chen Q , Gu G , Feng S , Feng F , Li R , et al....

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Journal Article•DOI•
Real-time structured light profilometry: a review

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Sam Van der Jeught1, Joris J.J. Dirckx1•
University of Antwerp1
01 Dec 2016-Optics and Lasers in Engineering
TL;DR: The current state-of-the-art in structured light profilometry systems is described, as well as the main advancements in hardware technology and coding strategy that have led to their successful development.

286 citations

Cites methods from "High-speed three-dimensional shape ..."

  • ...687 Sinusoidal fringe patterns were obtained through regular binary defocusing [121] or by 688 modifying the binary patterns according to the optimal pulse width modulation technique 689 [77,122]....

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  • ...[122] 685 employed different models of the TI Discovery board in ultrahigh-speed profilometry systems 686 based on various combinations of binary code and sinusoidal phase shifting profilometry....

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Journal Article•DOI•
Micro Fourier Transform Profilometry ($μ$FTP): 3D shape measurement at 10,000 frames per second

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Chao Zuo1, Tianyang Tao1, Shijie Feng1, Lei Huang2, Anand Asundi3, Qian Chen1 •
Nanjing University of Science and Technology1, Brookhaven National Laboratory2, Nanyang Technological University3
01 Mar 2018-Optics and Lasers in Engineering
TL;DR: A new 3D dynamic imaging technique, Micro Fourier Transform Profilometry (μFTP), which can realize an acquisition rate up to 10,000 3D frame per second (fps), and reconstruct an accurate, unambiguous, and distortion-free 3D point cloud with every two projected patterns.

171 citations

References
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Journal Article•DOI•
Overview of three-dimensional shape measurement using optical methods

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Frank Chen1, Gordon M. Brown, Mumin Song1•
Ford Motor Company1
01 Jan 2000-Optical Engineering
TL;DR: An overview of 3-D shape measurement using various optical methods, and a focus on structured light tech- niques where various optical configurations, image acquisition technology, data postprocessing and analysis methods and advantages and limitations are presented.
Abstract: We first provide an overview of 3-D shape measurement us- ing various optical methods. Then we focus on structured light tech- niques where various optical configurations, image acquisition tech- niques, data postprocessing and analysis methods and advantages and limitations are presented. Several industrial application examples are presented. Important areas requiring further R&D are discussed. Finally, a comprehensive bibliography on 3-D shape measurement is included, although it is not intended to be exhaustive. © 2000 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(00)00101-X)

1,481 citations

"High-speed three-dimensional shape ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The three-dimensional (3-D) scene acquisition is becoming increasingly crucial in practical application fields such as machine design, industrial inspection, prototyping, machine vision, robotics, 3-D imaging, game industry, culture heritage protection, advertising, information exchange and other fields of modern information technologies [1]....

    [...]

Journal Article•DOI•
Fringe projection techniques: Whither we are?

[...]

Sai Siva Gorthi1, Pramod Rastogi1•
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne1
01 Feb 2010-Optics and Lasers in Engineering
TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-analyses of Fourier-Transform Profilometry and its applications in 3-D Shape Measurement and Surface Profile Measurement for Structured Light Pattern and 4-Core Optical-Fiber.

1,110 citations

"High-speed three-dimensional shape ..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Fringe projection methods have been considered one of the most reliable techniques for recovering the shape of objects because of their accuracy and efficiency [2]....

    [...]

Journal Article•DOI•
Recent progresses on real-time 3D shape measurement using digital fringe projection techniques

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Song Zhang1•
Iowa State University1
01 Feb 2010-Optics and Lasers in Engineering
TL;DR: The principles of the real-time 3D shape measurement techniques that were developed are presented, the most recent progresses that have been made in this field are summarized, and the challenges for advancing this technology further are discussed.

926 citations

"High-speed three-dimensional shape ..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...Requiring the least number of fringe patterns for 3-D shape recovery, the three-step phase-shifting algorithm has been used extensively in high-speed applications [4]....

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  • ...However, most digital light processing (DLP) projectors are only capable of projecting patterns at a rate of 120 frames per second (fps) [4]....

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  • ...Recent advance in image sensors and digital projection technology becomes a powerful vehicle that motivates the rapid progress in reconstructing the 3-D shapes of dynamic scenes such as high-speed moving objects and rotating or vibrating non-rigid bodies [3,4]....

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Book•
Elementary number theory and its applications

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Kenneth H. Rosen
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce the notion of linear constrains and apply them to the problem of computing the order of an integer and a primitive root for a given integer.
Abstract: P. What is Number Theory? 1. The Integers. Numbers and Sequences. Sums and Products. Mathematical Induction. The Fibonacci Numbers. 2. Integer Representations and Operations. Representations of Integers. Computer Operations with Integers. Complexity of Integer Operations. 3. Primes and Greatest Common Divisors. Prime Numbers. The Distribution of Primes. Greatest Common Divisors. The Euclidean Algorithm. The Fundemental Theorem of Arithmetic. Factorization Methods and Fermat Numbers. Linear Diophantine Equations. 4. Congruences. Introduction to Congruences. Linear Congrences. The Chinese Remainder Theorem. Solving Polynomial Congruences. Systems of Linear Congruences. Factoring Using the Pollard Rho Method. 5. Applications of Congruences. Divisibility Tests. The perpetual Calendar. Round Robin Tournaments. Hashing Functions. Check Digits. 6. Some Special Congruences. Wilson's Theorem and Fermat's Little Theorem. Pseudoprimes. Euler's Theorem. 7. Multiplicative Functions. The Euler Phi-Function. The Sum and Number of Divisors. Perfect Numbers and Mersenne Primes. Mobius Inversion. 8. Cryptology. Character Ciphers. Block and Stream Ciphers. Exponentiation Ciphers. Knapsack Ciphers. Cryptographic Protocols and Applications. 9. Primitive Roots. The Order of an Integer and Primitive Roots. Primitive Roots for Primes. The Existence of Primitive Roots. Index Arithmetic. Primality Tests Using Orders of Integers and Primitive Roots. Universal Exponents. 10. Applications of Primitive Roots and the Order of an Integer. Pseudorandom Numbers. The EIGamal Cryptosystem. An Application to the Splicing of Telephone Cables. 11. Quadratic Residues. Quadratic Residues and nonresidues. The Law of Quadratic Reciprocity. The Jacobi Symbol. Euler Pseudoprimes. Zero-Knowledge Proofs. 12. Decimal Fractions and Continued. Decimal Fractions. Finite Continued Fractions. Infinite Continued Fractions. Periodic Continued Fractions. Factoring Using Continued Fractions. 13. Some Nonlinear Diophantine Equations. Pythagorean Triples. Fermat's Last Theorem. Sums of Squares. Pell's Equation. 14. The Gaussian Integers. Gaussian Primes. Unique Factorization of Gaussian Integers. Gaussian Integers and Sums of Squares.

684 citations

"High-speed three-dimensional shape ..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...This originates from number theory and the divisibility properties of integers [35]....

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  • ...In other cases, we simply rely on an efficient Euclid algorithm to compute the greatest common divisor GDCðl1, l2Þ and ultimately compute LCMðl1, l2Þ 1⁄4 l1l2=GDCðl1, l2Þ [35]....

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Proceedings Article•DOI•
Long-Term Occupancy Analysis Using Graph-Based Optimisation in Thermal Imagery

[...]

Rikke Gade1, Anders Jørgensen1, Thomas B. Moeslund1•
Aalborg University1
23 Jun 2013
TL;DR: A framework that optimises the occupancy analysis over long periods by including information on the transition in occupancy, when people enter or leave the monitored area, is proposed.
Abstract: This paper presents a robust occupancy analysis system for thermal imaging. Reliable detection of people is very hard in crowded scenes, due to occlusions and segmentation problems. We therefore propose a framework that optimises the occupancy analysis over long periods by including information on the transition in occupancy, when people enter or leave the monitored area. In stable periods, with no activity close to the borders, people are detected and counted which contributes to a weighted histogram. When activity close to the border is detected, local tracking is applied in order to identify a crossing. After a full sequence, the number of people during all periods are estimated using a probabilistic graph search optimisation. The system is tested on a total of 51,000 frames, captured in sports arenas. The mean error for a 30-minute period containing 3-13 people is 4.44 %, which is a half of the error percentage optained by detection only, and better than the results of comparable work. The framework is also tested on a public available dataset from an outdoor scene, which proves the generality of the method.

487 citations

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