High temperature oxidation of fuel cladding candidate materials in steam–hydrogen environments
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison of a range of commercial and model alloys, conventional austenitic steels do not have sufficient oxidation resistance with only ∼18Cr-10Ni, and higher alloyed type 310 stainless steel is protective but Ni is not a desirable alloy addition for this application.
About: This article is published in Journal of Nuclear Materials.The article was published on 2013-09-01. It has received 356 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Alloy & Corrosion.
Citations
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TL;DR: A review of the development status for three accident tolerant fuel cladding technologies, namely coated zirconium-based cladding, ferritic alumina-forming alloy cladding and silicon carbide fiber-reinforced SCCM composite, is offered in this paper.
494 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, an application of advanced oxidation-resistant iron alloys as light water reactor fuel cladding is proposed, based on specific limitations associated with zirconium alloys.
397 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a set of model FeCrAl alloys containing 10−20Cr, 3−5Al, and 0−0.12Y in weight percent, were prepared by conventional arc-melting and hot-working processes to explore the effect of composition on the properties of FecrAlY alloys.
320 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of alloying elements on the material properties of Zirconium-based claddings has been systematically presented, including the impact on coating layer on the surface of Zr-based alloys, mainly referring coating materials and fabrication methods.
214 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of fuel/cladding materials on the fuel performance at normal operating conditions and on the reactor system under DB and BDB accident conditions was analyzed. But the authors focused on the impact on the nuclear power station's fuel performance.
209 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, a model was developed to explain the effects associated with the addition of reactive elements that is based on the segregation of reactive-element ions to scale grain boundaries and the metal-oxide interface.
Abstract: The addition of reactive elements can have a significant effect on the oxidation behavior of alumina- and chromia-forming alloys. A model has been developed to explain the effects associated with the addition of reactive elements that is based on the segregation of reactive-element ions to scale grain boundaries and the metal-oxide interface. Reactive-element ions use these interaces as pathways for diffusion from the metal substrate to the gas interface of the scale. The driving force for this outward diffusion is the oxygen potential gradient across the scale. Doping of the scale grain boundaries results in scale growth primarily by inward oxygen diffusion, while doping at the metal-oxide interface slows the growth of interfacial voids and thus improves scale adhesion.
751 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors give a brief overview of various materials that are essential to establish advanced systems feasibility and performance for in pile and out of pile applications, such as ferritic/martensitic steels (9-12% Cr), nickel based alloys (Haynes 230, Inconel 617, etc.), oxide dispersion strengthened ferritic and martensite steels, and ceramics (SiC, TiC, etc.).
511 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the differences and similarities of different ODS steels are explained in terms of the microstructures of the steels, and observations are explained using the properties of the ODS micro-structures.
478 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the long-term degradation rate of CVD SiC is determined by the volatility of the silica scale, which is observed as the water vapor oxidized the SiC and simultaneously volatilized the scale.
Abstract: The oxidation kinetics of CVD SiC were monitored by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in a 50% H2O/50% O2 gas mixture flowing at 4.4 cm/s for temperatures between 1200 and 1400 C. Paralinear weight change kinetics were observed as the water vapor oxidized the SiC and simultaneously volatilized the silica scale. The long-term degradation rate of SiC is determined by the volatility of the silica scale. Rapid SiC surface recession rates were estimated from these data for actual aircraft engine combustor conditions.
435 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derived equations which describe the oxidation behavior of a system in which both diffusive and gas/oxide interface processes occur simultaneously, and applied these equations to the oxidation of Cr and Fe-Cr alloys.
Abstract: The oxidation of Cr and Fe‐Cr alloys which form scales involves at least two processes: (i) the solid‐state, diffusive transport of ionic species, with parabolic kinetics, and (ii) the oxidation of to a volatile species, probably , with linear kinetics. The effects of this second reaction cannot be neglected, either in interpretation of short‐term oxidation results, or in predicting long‐term oxidation behavior. In this paper equations are derived which describe the oxidation behavior of a system in which both diffusive and gas/oxide interface processes occur simultaneously. According to the model, the oxide scale grows to a limiting thickness which is determined by the parabolic rate constant and the surface‐reaction rate constant; as the limiting thickness is approached, a transition from parabolic to linear kinetics takes place. The model is applied to the oxidation of Cr and Fe‐Cr alloys, and good agreement with experimental data is found.
381 citations