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Journal ArticleDOI

Highly sensitive, ambient temperature CO sensor using tin oxide based composites

TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported an excellent gas sensing performance of the unique nanocomposite films prepared with the help of different materials such as semiconductor metaloxide, polymer and metal for carbon monoxide gas sensing at ambient temperature.
Abstract: In the present work, we report an excellent gas sensing performance of the unique nanocomposite films prepared with the help of different materials such as semiconductor metal-oxide, polymer and metal for carbon monoxide gas sensing at ambient temperature. The fabrication of SnO2/PANI/Pd nanocomposite film was performed using the hydrothermal route. The fabricated films were characterized with various analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) etc. Furthermore, DFT results are used to examine the transport and electronic properties of all prepared films. The computing results show that after hybridizing with Pd and SnO2, the response of the fabricated SnO2 and polyaniline (PANI) films to CO gas molecules is considerably improved. At room temperature, sensing characterization of the fabricated sensing films was carried out by using target gas concentrations with varying ppm level of 50–300. At ambient temperature, the SnO2/PANI/Pd film has the maximum sensitivity ~ 400.8% out of all the fabricated films at 0.3% of the target gas. Our findings show that SnO2, SnO2/Pd, PANI, and SnO2/PANI/Pd composite sensing films have a bright future in the gas sensing application with incredibly-higher sensitivity towards CO gas.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the adsorption behavior of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye and tetracycline (TC) antibiotic from aqueous solution has been reported.

24 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the adsorption behavior of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye and tetracycline (TC) antibiotic from aqueous solution has been reported.

24 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed discussion has been carried out to understand critical steps involved in the fabrication of the silicon-based MEMS resonator and some challenges starting from the materials' selection to the final phase of obtaining a compact MEMS resonance device for its fabrication have been explored critically.

16 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the vanadium pentoxide-reduced graphene oxide (V2O5-rGO) nanocomposite was used as a photocatalyst for dye degradation under solar irradiation.

15 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the vanadium pentoxide-reduced graphene oxide (V2O5-rGO) nanocomposite was used as a photocatalyst for dye degradation under solar irradiation.

15 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the dominant electronic and chemical mechanisms that influence the performance of metal-oxide-based resistive-type gas sensors are discussed, including p-n and n-n potential barrier manipulation, n-p-n response type inversions, spillover effects, synergistic catalytic behavior, and microstructure enhancement.
Abstract: Metal oxide-based resistive-type gas sensors are solid-state devices which are widely used in a number of applications from health and safety to energy efficiency and emission control. Nanomaterials such as nanowires, nanorods, and nanoparticles have dominated the research focus in this field due to their large number of surface sites facilitating surface reactions. Previous studies have shown that incorporating two or more metal oxides to form a heterojunction interface can have drastic effects on gas sensor performance, especially the selectivity. Recently, these effects have been amplified by designing heterojunctions on the nano-scale. These designs have evolved from mixed commercial powders and bi-layer films to finely-tuned core–shell and hierarchical brush-like nanocomposites. This review details the various morphological classes currently available for nanostructured metal-oxide based heterojunctions and then presents the dominant electronic and chemical mechanisms that influence the performance of these materials as resistive-type gas sensors. Mechanisms explored include p–n and n–n potential barrier manipulation, n–p–n response type inversions, spill-over effects, synergistic catalytic behavior, and microstructure enhancement. Tables are presented summarizing these works specifically for SnO2, ZnO, TiO2, In2O3, Fe2O3, MoO3, Co3O4, and CdO-based nanocomposites. Recent developments are highlighted and likely future trends are explored.

1,392 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the relationship between the particle size and the Raman bands of TiO 2 nanoparticles using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), extended Xray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and Raman spectroscopy.

642 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The resonance-stabilized structure of ICPs allows for the incorporation of ions, nanoparticles, or nanowires of metals, metal oxides, carbon, or molecular species such as metallophthalocyanines or biologically active components such as enzymes, antibodies, and antigens.
Abstract: Composites of intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs) are materials that utilize conjugated polymers and at least one secondary component that can be inorganic or organic materials or biologically active species. The goal is to produce a new composite material that has distinct properties that were not observed in the individual components. This may include either new or improved chemical properties that can be exploited for chemical or biological sensing. For example, adding carbon nanotubes tends to drastically influence the electrical and thermal conductivity of ICPs. A secondary aspect concerns the stabilization of the secondary component in the polymer matrix. Enhanced optical, electrical, or mechanical properties such as stiffness and strength are common. In some cases, the physical and chemical properties of the secondary component are much different after composite formation. For the purpose of this review we will primarily focus on the ICPs such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene and their derivatives. The resonance-stabilized structure of ICPs allows, for example, incorporation of ions, nanoparticles, or nanowires of metals, metal oxides, carbon, or molecular species such as metallophthalocyanines or biologically active components such as enzymes, antibodies, and antigens. 1 I some cases, the ICP will simply act as a template for the incorporation of the secondary component. In that case, the secondary component will impart the chemical properties required for chemical sensing. In other cases the materials are linked through electrostatic interactions which influence the electronic and physical properties of the materials used to prepare the composite.

588 citations

Book
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis and fabrication of nanostructures and nanomaterials is discussed, as well as properties and applications of these materials, particularly inorganic ones.
Abstract: This important book focuses on the synthesis and fabrication of nanostructures and nanomaterials, but also includes properties and applications of nanostructures and nanomaterials, particularly inorganic nanomaterials. It provides balanced and comprehensive coverage of the fundamentals and processing techniques with regard to synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications of nanostructures and nanomaterials. Both chemical processing and lithographic techniques are presented in a systematic and coherent manner for the synthesis and fabrication of 0-D, 1-D, and 2-D nanostructures, as well as special nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and ordered mesoporous oxides. The book will serve as a general introduction to nanomaterials and nanotechnology for teaching and self-study purposes.

447 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review summarizes the recent progress in PANi-based composites for energy storage/conversion, like application in supercapacitors, rechargeable batteries, fuel cells and water hydrolysis.

387 citations