Historic Building Information Modelling – Adding intelligence to laser and image based surveys of European classical architecture
TL;DR: Historic Building Information Modelling can automatically create cut sections, details and schedules in addition to the orthographic projections and 3D models for both the analysis and conservation of historic objects, structures and environments.
Abstract: Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) is a novel prototype library of parametric objects, based on historic architectural data and a system of cross platform programmes for mapping parametric objects onto point cloud and image survey data. The HBIM process begins with remote collection of survey data using a terrestrial laser scanner combined with digital photo modelling. The next stage involves the design and construction of a parametric library of objects, which are based on the manuscripts ranging from Vitruvius to 18th century architectural pattern books. In building parametric objects, the problem of file format and exchange of data has been overcome within the BIM ArchiCAD software platform by using geometric descriptive language (GDL). The plotting of parametric objects onto the laser scan surveys as building components to create or form the entire building is the final stage in the reverse engineering process. The final HBIM product is the creation of full 3D models including detail behind the object’s surface concerning its methods of construction and material make-up. The resultant HBIM can automatically create cut sections, details and schedules in addition to the orthographic projections and 3D models (wire frame or textured) for both the analysis and conservation of historic objects, structures and environments.
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05 May 2018
TL;DR: A review of the existing literature on H-BIM and its effective implementation in the cultural heritage sector, exploring the effectiveness and the usefulness of the different methodologies that were developed to model families of interest is presented in this article.
Abstract: Many projects concerning the protection, conservation, restoration, and dissemination of cultural heritage are being carried out around the world due to its growing interest as a driving force of socio-economic development. The existence of reliable, digital three-dimensional (3D) models that allow for the planning and management of these projects in a remote and decentralized way is currently a growing necessity. There are many software tools to perform the modeling and complete three-dimensional documentation of the intervened monuments. However, the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) sector has adopted the Building Information Modeling (BIM) standard over the last few decades due to the progress that has been made in its qualities and capabilities. The complex modeling of cultural heritage through commercial BIM software leads to the consideration of the concept of Heritage BIM (H-BIM), which pursues the modeling of architectural elements, according to artistic, historical, and constructive typologies. In addition, H-BIM is considered to be an emerging technology that enables us to understand, document, advertize, and virtually reconstruct the built heritage. This article is a review of the existing literature on H-BIM and its effective implementation in the cultural heritage sector, exploring the effectiveness and the usefulness of the different methodologies that were developed to model families of elements of interest.
209 citations
Cites methods from "Historic Building Information Model..."
...[15,82,99], the process of creating an H-BIM library begins with the 3D modeling of parametric objects through the integration of point clouds, photogrammetry, historical documentation, and Graphisoft Archicad software....
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TL;DR: A thorough review on the applications of 3D point cloud data in the construction industry and to provide recommendations on future research directions in this area is provided.
203 citations
TL;DR: A new methodology toward Diagnosis-Aided Historic Building Information Modelling and Management (DA-HBIMM) is proposed as a framework to be developed in order to address smart knowledge acquisition, collection and notification of assessed performances and eventual risks, by cognitive automation and artificial intelligence, in the near future.
176 citations
TL;DR: An innovative two-step methodology able to convert a historic BIM into a finite element model for structural simulation is presented and a real case study is illustrated and discussed to prove that a rigorous Cloud-to-BIM- to-FEM workflow allows the generation of an accuratehistoric BIM from a set of laser scanning point clouds.
164 citations
Cites background from "Historic Building Information Model..."
...Although laser scanning point clouds provide dense representations of the external surfaces, geometric anomalies (such as verticality deviations) pose new challenges in the generation of an as-built BIM model [11]....
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19 Feb 2015-ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
TL;DR: The proposed work shows how it is possible to develop a high quality 3D model semantic-aware, capable of connecting geometrical-historical survey with descriptive thematic databases, and a centralized HBIM will serve as comprehensive dataset of information about all disciplines, particularly for restoration and conservation.
Abstract: . In order to improve the framework for 3D modeling, a great challenge is to obtain the suitability of Building Information Model (BIM) platform for historical architecture. A specific challenge in HBIM is to guarantee appropriateness of geometrical accuracy. The present work demonstrates the feasibility of a whole HBIM approach for complex architectural shapes, starting from TLS point clouds. A novelty of our method is to work in a 3D environment throughout the process and to develop semantics during the construction phase. This last feature of HBIM was analyzed in the present work verifying the studied ontologies, enabling the data enrichment of the model with non-geometrical information, such as historical notes, decay or deformation evidence, decorative elements etc. The case study is the Church of Santa Maria at Portonovo, an abbey from the Romanesque period. Irregular or complex historical architecture, such as Romanesque, needs the construction of shared libraries starting from the survey of its already existing elements. This is another key aspect in delivering Building Information Modeling standards. In particular, we focus on the quality assessment of the obtained model, using an open-source sw and the point cloud as reference. The proposed work shows how it is possible to develop a high quality 3D model semantic-aware, capable of connecting geometrical-historical survey with descriptive thematic databases. In this way, a centralized HBIM will serve as comprehensive dataset of information about all disciplines, particularly for restoration and conservation. Moreover, the geometric accuracy will ensure also reliable visualization outputs.
152 citations
References
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Book•
03 Mar 2008
TL;DR: The Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a new approach to design, construction, and facility management in which a digital representation of the building process is used to facilitate the exchange and interoperability of information in digital format as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Discover BIM: A better way to build better buildings. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a new approach to design, construction, and facility management in which a digital representation of the building process is used to facilitate the exchange and interoperability of information in digital format. BIM is beginning to change the way buildings look, the way they function, and the ways in which they are designed and built. BIM Handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners,Managers, Designers, Engineers, and Contractors provides an in-depth understanding of BIM technologies, the business and organizational issues associated with its implementation, and the profound advantages that effective use of BIM can provide to all members of a project team. The Handbook: Introduces Building Information Modeling and the technologies that support it Reviews BIM and its related technologies, in particular parametric and object-oriented modeling, its potential benefits, its costs, and needed infrastructure Explains how designing, constructing, and operating buildings with BIM differs from pursuing the same activities in the traditional way using drawings, whether paper or electronic Discusses the present and future influences of BIM on regulatory agencies; legal practice associated with the building industry; and manufacturers of building products Presents a rich set of BIM case studies and describes various BIM tools and technologies Shows how specific disciplines?owners, designers, contractors, and fabricators?can adopt and implement BIM in their companies Explores BIM's current and future impact on industry and society Painting a colorful and thorough picture of the state of the art in Building Information Modeling, the BIM Handbook guides readers to successful implementations, helping them to avoid needless frustration and costs and take full advantage of this paradigm-shifting approach to build better buildings, that consume fewer materials, and require less time, labor, and capital resources.
3,815 citations
01 Jul 2000
TL;DR: A hardware and software system for digitizing the shape and color of large fragile objects under non-laboratory conditions and the largest single dataset is of the David - 2 billion polygons and 7,000 color images.
Abstract: We describe a hardware and software system for digitizing the shape and color of large fragile objects under non-laboratory conditions Our system employs laser triangulation rangefinders, laser time-of-flight rangefinders, digital still cameras, and a suite of software for acquiring, aligning, merging, and viewing scanned data As a demonstration of this system, we digitized 10 statues by Michelangelo, including the well-known figure of David, two building interiors, and all 1,163 extant fragments of the Forma Urbis Romae, a giant marble map of ancient Rome Our largest single dataset is of the David - 2 billion polygons and 7,000 color images In this paper, we discuss the challenges we faced in building this system, the solutions we employed, and the lessons we learned We focus in particular on the unusual design of our laser triangulation scanner and on the algorithms and software we developed for handling very large scanned models
1,675 citations
01 Jul 2006
TL;DR: CGA shape is shown to efficiently generate massive urban models with unprecedented level of detail, with the virtual rebuilding of the archaeological site of Pompeii as a case in point.
Abstract: CGA shape, a novel shape grammar for the procedural modeling of CG architecture, produces building shells with high visual quality and geometric detail. It produces extensive architectural models for computer games and movies, at low cost. Context sensitive shape rules allow the user to specify interactions between the entities of the hierarchical shape descriptions. Selected examples demonstrate solutions to previously unsolved modeling problems, especially to consistent mass modeling with volumetric shapes of arbitrary orientation. CGA shape is shown to efficiently generate massive urban models with unprecedented level of detail, with the virtual rebuilding of the archaeological site of Pompeii as a case in point.
1,073 citations
Proceedings Article•
01 Jan 1971
TL;DR: A method of shape generation using shape grammars which take shape as primitive and have shape-specific rules is presented and implications for aesthetics and design theory in the visual arts are discussed.
Abstract: A method of shape generation using shape grammars which take shape as primitive and have shape-specific rules is presented. A formalism for the complete, generative specification of a class of non-representational, geometric paintings or sculptures is defined which has shape grammars as its structural component. Paintings are material representations of two-dimensional shapes gen~rated by shape grammars, sculptures of three-dimensional shapes. Implications for aesthetics and design theory in the visual arts are discussed. Aesthetics is considered in terms of specificational simplicity and visual complexity. In design based on generative specifications, the artist chooses structural and material relationships and then determines algorithmically the resulting works of art. SHAPE GRAMMARS AND THE GENERATIVE SPECIFICATION OF PAINTING AND SCULPTURE In this paper we present (1) a definition of shape grammars, (2) a formalism, based on these grammars, for the complete, generative specification of a class of paintings or sculptures, and (3) a discussion of the implications of these specifications for aesthetics and design theory. Generative specifications can be used in the analysis and aesthetic evaluation of the paintings or sculptures they define. In design based on generative specifications, the artist chooses structural and material relationships and then produces algorithmically the res'ulting works of art, Our underlying aim is to use formal, generative techniques to produce good works of art and to develop understanding of what makes good works of art. The class of paintings shown in Figure 1 is used as an explanatory example. Additional paintings and sculptures defined by generative specifications are shown in the I ppendix.
779 citations
Book•
01 Oct 1995
TL;DR: The authors provide comprehensive coverage of all topics related to features--from fundamental concepts to applications including numerous specific techniques, algorithms, data structures plus a program code which implementers will find useful.
Abstract: From the Publisher:
Designed to make it easy to find, understand and use cutting edge techniques in parametric and feature based CAD/CAM. The authors provide comprehensive coverage of all topics related to features--from fundamental concepts to applications. They include numerous specific techniques, algorithms, data structures plus a program code which implementers will find useful. Reviews basic principles of CAD/CAM such as curve, surface and solid modeling. Explains how to automate geometric reasoning related to design, product performance evaluation, manufacturability and inspection.
686 citations