Journal ArticleDOI
History of Atmospheric Lead Deposition Since 12,370 14C yr BP from a Peat Bog, Jura Mountains, Switzerland
William Shotyk,Dominik J. Weiss,Peter G. Appleby,A. Cheburkin,Robert Frei,M. Gloor,Jan Kramers,S. Reese,W.O. van der Knaap +8 more
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A continuous record of atmospheric lead since 12,370 carbon-14 years before the present (14C yr BP) is preserved in a Swiss peat bog, indicating the beginning of lead pollution from mining and smelting, and anthropogenic sources have dominated lead emissions ever since.Abstract:
A continuous record of atmospheric lead since 12,370 carbon-14 years before the present (14C yr BP) is preserved in a Swiss peat bog. Enhanced fluxes caused by climate changes reached their maxima 10,590 14C yr BP (Younger Dryas) and 823014C yr BP. Soil erosion caused by forest clearing and agricultural tillage increased lead deposition after 532014C yr BP. Increasing lead/scandium and decreasing lead-206/lead-207 beginning 3000 14C yr BP indicate the beginning of lead pollution from mining and smelting, and anthropogenic sources have dominated lead emissions ever since. The greatest lead flux (15.7 milligrams per square meter per year in A.D. 1979) was 1570 times the natural, background value (0.01 milligram per square meter per year from 8030 to 5320 14C yr BP).read more
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Global analysis of river systems: from Earth system controls to Anthropocene syndromes
TL;DR: In this article, a set of syndromes (flood regulation, fragmentation, sediment imbalance, neo-arheism, salinization, chemical contamination, acidification, eutrophication and microbial contamination) with their related causes and symptoms are described.
BookDOI
The Cambridge economic history of the Greco-Roman world
TL;DR: The first comprehensive one-volume survey of the economies of classical antiquity is presented in this paper, with twenty-eight chapters summarising the current state of research in their specialised fields and sketch new directions for research.
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Three decades of dating recent sediments by fallout radionuclides: a review
TL;DR: The authors reviewed the 210Pb dating programme at the University of Liverpool over a period of three decades since its inception by Frank Oldfield in the mid-1970s, concluding that the work at Liverpool...
Journal ArticleDOI
Mineral surfaces and bioavailability of heavy metals : a molecular-scale perspective
TL;DR: This work has used extremely intense x-rays from synchrotron sources and a structure-sensitive method known as x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy to determine the molecular-level speciation of heavy metal and metalloid contaminants in various environmental settings.
Journal ArticleDOI
Atmospheric Pb Deposition since the Industrial Revolution Recorded by Five Swiss Peat Profiles: Enrichment Factors, Fluxes, Isotopic Composition, and Sources
TL;DR: In this paper, atmospheric Pb deposition since the Industrial Revolution was studied in western, central, and southern Switzerland using five rural peat bogs, and two distinct periods of Pb enrichment relative to the natural background were found in western and central Switzerland, with enrichments ranging from 40 to 80 times, and between 1960 and 1980 with enrichment values ranging from 80 to 100 times.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Extended 14C Data Base and Revised Calib 3.0 14C Age Calibration Program
Minze Stuiver,Paula J. Reimer +1 more
TL;DR: The age calibration program, CALIB (Stuiver & Reimer 1986), first made available in 1986 and subsequently modified in 1987 (revision 2.0 and 2.1), has been amended anew as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
The composition of the continental crust
TL;DR: In this paper, a new calculation of the crustal composition is based on the proportions of upper crust (UC) to felsic lower crust (FLC) to mafic lower-crust (MLC) of about 1.6:0.4.
Journal ArticleDOI
The geochemical evolution of the continental crust
TL;DR: A survey of the dimensions and composition of the present continental crust is given in this paper, where it is concluded that at least 60% of the crust was emplaced by the late Archean (ca. 2.7 eons).
Journal ArticleDOI
A Pervasive Millennial-Scale Cycle in North Atlantic Holocene and Glacial Climates
Gerard C. Bond,William J. Showers,Maziet Cheseby,Rusty Lotti,Peter Almasi,Peter B deMenocal,Paul Priore,Heidi Cullen,Irka Hajdas,Georges Bonani +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the North Atlantic deep sea cores reveal that abrupt shifts punctuated what is conventionally thought to have been a relatively stable Holocene climate, and they make up a series of climate shifts with a cyclicity close to 1470 ± 500 years, which is the most recent manifestation of a pervasive millennial-scale climate cycle operating independently of the glacial-interglacial climate state.
Journal ArticleDOI
Holocene climatic instability: A prominent, widespread event 8200 yr ago
Richard B. Alley,Paul Andrew Mayewski,Todd Sowers,Minze Stuiver,Kendrick C. Taylor,Peter U. Clark +5 more
TL;DR: The most prominent Holocene climatic event in Greenland ice-core proxies, with approximately half the amplitude of the Younger Dryas, occurred ∼8000 to 8400 yr ago.