Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease
Luke Jostins,Stephan Ripke,Rinse K. Weersma,Richard H. Duerr,Dermot P.B. McGovern,Ken Y. Hui,James Lee,L. Philip Schumm,Yashoda Sharma,Carl A. Anderson,Jonah Essers,Mitja Mitrovic,Kaida Ning,Isabelle Cleynen,Emilie Theatre,Sarah L. Spain,Soumya Raychaudhuri,Philippe Goyette,Zhi Wei,Clara Abraham,Jean-Paul Achkar,Tariq Ahmad,Leila Amininejad,Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan,Vibeke Andersen,Jane M. Andrews,Leonard Baidoo,Tobias Balschun,Peter A. Bampton,Alain Bitton,Gabrielle Boucher,Stephan Brand,Carsten Büning,Ariella Cohain,Sven Cichon,Mauro D'Amato,Dirk De Jong,Kathy L Devaney,Marla Dubinsky,Cathryn Edwards,David Ellinghaus,Lynnette R. Ferguson,Denis Franchimont,Karin Fransen,Richard B. Gearry,Michel Georges,Christian Gieger,Jürgen Glas,Talin Haritunians,Ailsa Hart,Christopher J. Hawkey,Matija Hedl,Xinli Hu,Tom H. Karlsen,Limas Kupčinskas,Subra Kugathasan,Anna Latiano,Debby Laukens,Ian C. Lawrance,Charlie W. Lees,Edouard Louis,Gillian Mahy,John C. Mansfield,Angharad R. Morgan,Craig Mowat,William G. Newman,Orazio Palmieri,Cyriel Y. Ponsioen,Uroš Potočnik,Natalie J. Prescott,Miguel Regueiro,Jerome I. Rotter,Richard K Russell,Jeremy D. Sanderson,Miquel Sans,Jack Satsangi,Stefan Schreiber,Lisa A. Simms,Jurgita Sventoraityte,Stephan R. Targan,Kent D. Taylor,Mark Tremelling,Hein W. Verspaget,Martine De Vos,Cisca Wijmenga,David C. Wilson,Juliane Winkelmann,Ramnik J. Xavier,Sebastian Zeissig,Bin Zhang,Clarence K. Zhang,Hongyu Zhao,Mark S. Silverberg,Vito Annese,Hakon Hakonarson,Steven R. Brant,Graham L. Radford-Smith,Christopher G. Mathew,John D. Rioux,Eric E. Schadt,Mark J. Daly,Andre Franke,Miles Parkes,Severine Vermeire,Jeffrey C. Barrett,Judy H. Cho +105 more
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A meta-analysis of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis genome-wide association scans is undertaken, followed by extensive validation of significant findings, with a combined total of more than 75,000 cases and controls.Abstract:
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the two common forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), affect over 2.5 million people of European ancestry, with rising prevalence in other populations. Genome-wide association studies and subsequent meta-analyses of these two diseases as separate phenotypes have implicated previously unsuspected mechanisms, such as autophagy, in their pathogenesis and showed that some IBD loci are shared with other inflammatory diseases. Here we expand on the knowledge of relevant pathways by undertaking a meta-analysis of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis genome-wide association scans, followed by extensive validation of significant findings, with a combined total of more than 75,000 cases and controls. We identify 71 new associations, for a total of 163 IBD loci, that meet genome-wide significance thresholds. Most loci contribute to both phenotypes, and both directional (consistently favouring one allele over the course of human history) and balancing (favouring the retention of both alleles within populations) selection effects are evident. Many IBD loci are also implicated in other immune-mediated disorders, most notably with ankylosing spondylitis and psoriasis. We also observe considerable overlap between susceptibility loci for IBD and mycobacterial infection. Gene co-expression network analysis emphasizes this relationship, with pathways shared between host responses to mycobacteria and those predisposing to IBD.read more
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Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci
Stephan Ripke,Stephan Ripke,Benjamin M. Neale,Benjamin M. Neale,Aiden Corvin,James T.R. Walters,Kai-How Farh,Peter Holmans,Phil Lee,Phil Lee,Brendan Bulik-Sullivan,Brendan Bulik-Sullivan,David A. Collier,David A. Collier,Hailiang Huang,Hailiang Huang,Tune H. Pers,Tune H. Pers,Tune H. Pers,Ingrid Agartz,Ingrid Agartz,Esben Agerbo,Esben Agerbo,Margot Albus,Madeline Alexander,Farooq Amin,Silviu Alin Bacanu,Martin Begemann,Richard A. Belliveau,Judit Bene,Sarah E. Bergen,Sarah E. Bergen,Elizabeth Bevilacqua,Tim B. Bigdeli,Donald W. Black,Richard Bruggeman,Nancy G. Buccola,Randy L. Buckner,William Byerley,Wiepke Cahn,Guiqing Cai,Dominique Campion,Rita M. Cantor,Vaughan J. Carr,Noa Carrera,Stanley V. Catts,Kimberly Chambert,Raymond C.K. Chan,Ronald Y.L. Chen,Eric Y.H. Chen,Wei Cheng,Eric F.C. Cheung,Siow Ann Chong,C. Robert Cloninger,David Cohen,Nadine Cohen,Paul Cormican,Nicholas John Craddock,James J. Crowley,David Curtis,David Curtis,Michael Davidson,Kenneth L. Davis,Franziska Degenhardt,Jurgen Del Favero,Ditte Demontis,Ditte Demontis,Dimitris Dikeos,Timothy G. Dinan,Srdjan Djurovic,Gary Donohoe,Gary Donohoe,Elodie Drapeau,Jubao Duan,Frank Dudbridge,Naser Durmishi,Peter Eichhammer,Johan G. Eriksson,Johan G. Eriksson,Valentina Escott-Price,Laurent Essioux,Ayman H. Fanous,Martilias S. Farrell,Josef Frank,Lude Franke,Robert Freedman,Nelson B. Freimer,Marion Friedl,Joseph I. Friedman,Menachem Fromer,Menachem Fromer,Menachem Fromer,Giulio Genovese,Lyudmila Georgieva,Ina Giegling,Ina Giegling,Paola Giusti-Rodríguez,Stephanie Godard,Jacqueline I. Goldstein,Jacqueline I. Goldstein,Vera Golimbet,Srihari Gopal,Jacob Gratten,Lieuwe de Haan,Christian Hammer,Marian L. Hamshere,Mark Hansen,Thomas Hansen,Vahram Haroutunian,Vahram Haroutunian,Annette M. Hartmann,Frans Henskens,Stefan Herms,Stefan Herms,Joel N. Hirschhorn,Joel N. Hirschhorn,Per Hoffmann,Per Hoffmann,A. Hofman,Mads V. Hollegaard,David M. Hougaard,Masashi Ikeda,Inge Joa,Antonio Julià,René S. Kahn,Luba Kalaydjieva,Sena Karachanak-Yankova,Juha Karjalainen,David J. Kavanagh,Matthew C. Keller,James L. Kennedy,Andrey Khrunin,Yunjung Kim,Janis Klovins,James A. Knowles,Bettina Konte,Vaidutis Kučinskas,Zita Ausrele Kucinskiene,Hana Kuzelova-Ptackova,Anna K. Kähler,Claudine Laurent,Jimmy Lee Chee Keong,S. Hong Lee,Sophie E. Legge,Bernard Lerer,Miaoxin Li,Tao Li,Kung-Yee Liang,Jeffrey A. Lieberman,Svetlana A. Limborska,Carmel M. Loughland,Jan Lubinski,Jouko Lönnqvist,Milan Macek,Patrik K. E. Magnusson,Brion S. Maher,Wolfgang Maier,J. Mallet,Sara Marsal,Manuel Mattheisen,Manuel Mattheisen,Manuel Mattheisen,Morten Mattingsdal,Robert W. McCarley,Colm McDonald,Andrew M. McIntosh,Sandra Meier,Carin J. Meijer,Béla Melegh,Ingrid Melle,Raquelle I. Mesholam-Gately,Andres Metspalu,Patricia T. Michie,Lili Milani,Vihra Milanova,Younes Mokrab,Derek W. Morris,Derek W. Morris,Ole Mors,Ole Mors,Kieran C. Murphy,Robin M. Murray,Inez Myin-Germeys,Bertram Mueller-Myhsok,Mari Nelis,Igor Nenadic,Deborah A. Nertney,Gerald Nestadt,Kristin K. Nicodemus,Liene Nikitina-Zake,Laura Nisenbaum,Annelie Nordin,Eadbhard O'Callaghan,Colm O'Dushlaine,F. Anthony O'Neill,Sang-Yun Oh,Ann Olincy,Line Olsen,Jim van Os,Jim van Os,Christos Pantelis,George N. Papadimitriou,Sergi Papiol,Elena Parkhomenko,Michele T. Pato,Tiina Paunio,Tiina Paunio,Milica Pejovic-Milovancevic,Diana O. Perkins,Olli Pietiläinen,Olli Pietiläinen,Jonathan Pimm,Andrew Pocklington,John Powell,Alkes L. Price,Alkes L. Price,Ann E. Pulver,Shaun Purcell,Digby Quested,Henrik B. Rasmussen,Abraham Reichenberg,Mark Reimers,Alexander Richards,Joshua L. Roffman,Panos Roussos,Douglas M. Ruderfer,Douglas M. Ruderfer,Veikko Salomaa,Alan R. Sanders,Ulrich Schall,Christian R. Schubert,Thomas G. Schulze,Thomas G. Schulze,Sibylle G. Schwab,Edward M. Scolnick,Rodney J. Scott,Larry J. Seidman,Jianxin Shi,Engilbert Sigurdsson,Teimuraz Silagadze,Jeremy M. Silverman,Jeremy M. Silverman,Kang Sim,Petr Slominsky,Jordan W. Smoller,Jordan W. Smoller,Hon-Cheong So,Chris C. A. Spencer,Eli A. Stahl,Eli A. Stahl,Hreinn Stefansson,Stacy Steinberg,Elisabeth Stögmann,Richard E. Straub,Eric Strengman,Jana Strohmaier,T. Scott Stroup,Mythily Subramaniam,Jaana Suvisaari,Dragan M. Svrakic,Jin P. Szatkiewicz,Erik Söderman,Srinivas Thirumalai,Draga Toncheva,Sarah Tosato,Juha Veijola,John L. Waddington,Dermot Walsh,Dai Wang,Qiang Wang,Bradley T. Webb,Mark Weiser,Dieter B. Wildenauer,Nigel Williams,Stephanie Williams,Stephanie H. Witt,Aaron R. Wolen,Emily H. M. Wong,Brandon Wormley,Hualin Simon Xi,Clement C. Zai,Xuebin Zheng,Fritz Zimprich,Naomi R. Wray,Kari Stefansson,Peter M. Visscher,Rolf Adolfsson,Ole A. Andreassen,Douglas Blackwood,Elvira Bramon,Joseph D. Buxbaum,Anders D. Børglum,Anders D. Børglum,Sven Cichon,Sven Cichon,Ariel Darvasi,Enrico Domenici,Hannelore Ehrenreich,Tõnu Esko,Tõnu Esko,Tõnu Esko,Pablo V. Gejman,Michael Gill,Hugh Gurling,Christina M. Hultman,Nakao Iwata,Assen Jablensky,Erik G. Jönsson,Erik G. Jönsson,Kenneth S. Kendler,George Kirov,Jo Knight,Todd Lencz,Todd Lencz,Douglas F. Levinson,Qingqin S. Li,Jianjun Liu,Jianjun Liu,Anil K. Malhotra,Anil K. Malhotra,Steven A. McCarroll,Steven A. McCarroll,Andrew McQuillin,Jennifer L. Moran,Preben Bo Mortensen,Preben Bo Mortensen,Bryan J. Mowry,Markus M. Noethen,Roel A. Ophoff,Roel A. Ophoff,Michael John Owen,Aarno Palotie,Aarno Palotie,Aarno Palotie,Carlos N. Pato,Tracey L. Petryshen,Tracey L. Petryshen,Danielle Posthuma,Danielle Posthuma,Marcella Rietschel,Brien P. Riley,Dan Rujescu,Dan Rujescu,Pak C. Sham,Pamela Sklar,David St Clair,Daniel R. Weinberger,Jens R. Wendland,Thomas Werge,Thomas Werge,Mark J. Daly,Mark J. Daly,Patrick F. Sullivan,Patrick F. Sullivan,Michael Conlon O'Donovan +354 more
TL;DR: Associations at DRD2 and several genes involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission highlight molecules of known and potential therapeutic relevance to schizophrenia, and are consistent with leading pathophysiological hypotheses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes
Anshul Kundaje,Wouter Meuleman,Wouter Meuleman,Jason Ernst,Misha Bilenky,Angela Yen,Angela Yen,Alireza Heravi-Moussavi,Pouya Kheradpour,Pouya Kheradpour,Zhizhuo Zhang,Zhizhuo Zhang,Jianrong Wang,Jianrong Wang,Michael J. Ziller,Viren Amin,John W. Whitaker,Matthew D. Schultz,Lucas D. Ward,Lucas D. Ward,Abhishek Sarkar,Abhishek Sarkar,Gerald Quon,Gerald Quon,Richard Sandstrom,Matthew L. Eaton,Matthew L. Eaton,Yi-Chieh Wu,Yi-Chieh Wu,Andreas R. Pfenning,Andreas R. Pfenning,Xinchen Wang,Xinchen Wang,Melina Claussnitzer,Melina Claussnitzer,Yaping Liu,Yaping Liu,Cristian Coarfa,R. Alan Harris,Noam Shoresh,Charles B. Epstein,Elizabeta Gjoneska,Elizabeta Gjoneska,Danny Leung,Wei Xie,R. David Hawkins,Ryan Lister,Chibo Hong,Philippe Gascard,Andrew J. Mungall,Richard A. Moore,Eric Chuah,Angela Tam,Theresa K. Canfield,R. Scott Hansen,Rajinder Kaul,Peter J. Sabo,Mukul S. Bansal,Mukul S. Bansal,Mukul S. Bansal,Annaick Carles,Jesse R. Dixon,Kai How Farh,Soheil Feizi,Soheil Feizi,Rosa Karlic,Ah Ram Kim,Ah Ram Kim,Ashwinikumar Kulkarni,Daofeng Li,Rebecca F. Lowdon,Ginell Elliott,Tim R. Mercer,Shane Neph,Vitor Onuchic,Paz Polak,Paz Polak,Nisha Rajagopal,Pradipta R. Ray,Richard C Sallari,Richard C Sallari,Kyle Siebenthall,Nicholas A Sinnott-Armstrong,Nicholas A Sinnott-Armstrong,Michael Stevens,Robert E. Thurman,Jie Wu,Bo Zhang,Xin Zhou,Arthur E. Beaudet,Laurie A. Boyer,Philip L. De Jager,Philip L. De Jager,Peggy J. Farnham,Susan J. Fisher,David Haussler,Steven J.M. Jones,Steven J.M. Jones,Wei Li,Marco A. Marra,Michael T. McManus,Shamil R. Sunyaev,Shamil R. Sunyaev,James A. Thomson,Thea D. Tlsty,Li-Huei Tsai,Li-Huei Tsai,Wei Wang,Robert A. Waterland,Michael Q. Zhang,Lisa Helbling Chadwick,Bradley E. Bernstein,Bradley E. Bernstein,Bradley E. Bernstein,Joseph F. Costello,Joseph R. Ecker,Martin Hirst,Alexander Meissner,Aleksandar Milosavljevic,Bing Ren,John A. Stamatoyannopoulos,Ting Wang,Manolis Kellis,Manolis Kellis +123 more
TL;DR: It is shown that disease- and trait-associated genetic variants are enriched in tissue-specific epigenomic marks, revealing biologically relevant cell types for diverse human traits, and providing a resource for interpreting the molecular basis of human disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) pilot analysis: Multitissue gene regulation in humans
Kristin G. Ardlie,David S. DeLuca,Ayellet V. Segrè,Timothy J. Sullivan,Taylor Young,Ellen Gelfand,Casandra A. Trowbridge,Julian Maller,Taru Tukiainen,Monkol Lek,Lucas D. Ward,Pouya Kheradpour,Benjamin Iriarte,Yan Meng,Cameron D. Palmer,Tõnu Esko,Wendy Winckler,Joel N. Hirschhorn,Manolis Kellis,Daniel G. MacArthur,Gad Getz,Andrey A. Shabalin,Gen Li,Yi-Hui Zhou,Andrew B. Nobel,Ivan Rusyn,Fred A. Wright,Tuuli Lappalainen,Pedro G. Ferreira,Halit Ongen,Manuel A. Rivas,Alexis Battle,Sara Mostafavi,Jean Monlong,Michael Sammeth,Marta Melé,Ferran Reverter,Jakob M. Goldmann,Daphne Koller,Roderic Guigó,Mark I. McCarthy,Emmanouil T. Dermitzakis,Eric R. Gamazon,Hae Kyung Im,Anuar Konkashbaev,Dan L. Nicolae,Nancy J. Cox,Timothée Flutre,Xiaoquan Wen,Matthew Stephens,Jonathan K. Pritchard,Zhidong Tu,Bin Zhang,Tao Huang,Quan Long,Luan Lin,Jialiang Yang,Jun Zhu,Jun Liu,Amanda Brown,Bernadette Mestichelli,Denee Tidwell,Edmund Lo,Mike Salvatore,Saboor Shad,Jeffrey A. Thomas,John T. Lonsdale,Michael T. Moser,Bryan Gillard,Ellen Karasik,Kimberly Ramsey,Christopher Choi,Barbara A. Foster,John Syron,Johnell Fleming,Harold Magazine,Rick Hasz,Gary Walters,Jason Bridge,Mark Miklos,Susan L. Sullivan,Laura Barker,Heather M. Traino,Maghboeba Mosavel,Laura A. Siminoff,Dana R. Valley,Daniel C. Rohrer,Scott D. Jewell,Philip A. Branton,Leslie H. Sobin,Mary Barcus,Liqun Qi,Jeffrey McLean,Pushpa Hariharan,Ki Sung Um,Shenpei Wu,David Tabor,Charles Shive,Anna M. Smith,Stephen A. Buia,Anita H. Undale,Karna Robinson,Nancy Roche,Kimberly M. Valentino,Angela Britton,Robin Burges,Debra Bradbury,Kenneth W. Hambright,John Seleski,Greg E. Korzeniewski,Kenyon Erickson,Yvonne Marcus,Jorge Tejada,Mehran Taherian,Chunrong Lu,Margaret J. Basile,Deborah C. Mash,Simona Volpi,Jeffery P. Struewing,Gary F. Temple,Joy T. Boyer,Deborah Colantuoni,Roger Little,Susan E. Koester,Latarsha J. Carithers,Helen M. Moore,Ping Guan,Carolyn C. Compton,Sherilyn Sawyer,Joanne P. Demchok,Jimmie B. Vaught,Chana A. Rabiner,Nicole C. Lockhart +132 more
TL;DR: The landscape of gene expression across tissues is described, thousands of tissue-specific and shared regulatory expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) variants are cataloged, complex network relationships are described, and signals from genome-wide association studies explained by eQTLs are identified.
Integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes
Anshul Kundaje,Wouter Meuleman,Jason Ernst,Angela Yen,Pouya Kheradpour,Zhizhuo Zhang,Jianrong Wang,Lucas D. Ward,Abhishek Sarkar,Gerald Quon,Matthew L. Eaton,Yi-Chieh Wu,Andreas R. Pfenning,Xinchen Wang,Melina Claussnitzer,Yaping Liu,Mukul S. Bansal,Soheil Feizi-Khankandi,Ah Ram Kim,Richard C Sallari,Nicholas A Sinnott-Armstrong,Laurie A. Boyer,Elizabeta Gjoneska,Li-Huei Tsai,Manolis Kellis +24 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes generated as part of the NIH Roadmap Epigenomics Consortium, profiled for histone modification patterns, DNA accessibility, DNA methylation and RNA expression.
Journal ArticleDOI
LD score regression distinguishes confounding from polygenicity in genome-wide association studies :
Brendan Bulik-Sullivan,Po-Ru Loh,Hilary K. Finucane,Stephan Ripke,Jian Yang,Nick Patterson,Mark J. Daly,Alkes L. Price,Benjamin M. Neale +8 more
TL;DR: It is found that polygenicity accounts for the majority of the inflation in test statistics in many GWAS of large sample size, and the LD Score regression intercept can be used to estimate a more powerful and accurate correction factor than genomic control.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Genome-wide meta-analysis increases to 71 the number of confirmed Crohn's disease susceptibility loci
Andre Franke,Dermot P.B. McGovern,Jeffrey C. Barrett,Kai Wang,Graham L. Radford-Smith,Tariq Ahmad,Charlie W. Lees,Tobias Balschun,James Lee,Rebecca L. Roberts,Carl A. Anderson,Joshua C. Bis,Suzanne Bumpstead,David Ellinghaus,Eleonora M. Festen,Michel Georges,Todd Green,Talin Haritunians,Luke Jostins,Anna Latiano,Christopher G. Mathew,Grant W. Montgomery,Natalie J. Prescott,Soumya Raychaudhuri,Jerome I. Rotter,Philip Schumm,Yashoda Sharma,Lisa A. Simms,Kent D. Taylor,David C. Whiteman,Cisca Wijmenga,Robert N. Baldassano,Murray L. Barclay,Theodore M. Bayless,Stephan Brand,Carsten Büning,Albert Cohen,Jean Frederick Colombel,Mario Cottone,Laura Stronati,Ted Denson,Martine De Vos,Renata D'Incà,Marla Dubinsky,Cathryn Edwards,Timothy H. Florin,Denis Franchimont,Richard B. Gearry,Jürgen Glas,Jürgen Glas,Jürgen Glas,André Van Gossum,Stephen L. Guthery,Jonas Halfvarson,Hein W. Verspaget,Jean-Pierre Hugot,Amir Karban,Debby Laukens,Ian C. Lawrance,Marc Lémann,Arie Levine,Cécile Libioulle,Edouard Louis,Craig Mowat,William G. Newman,Julián Panés,Anne M. Phillips,Deborah D. Proctor,Miguel Regueiro,Richard K Russell,Paul Rutgeerts,Jeremy D. Sanderson,Miquel Sans,Frank Seibold,A. Hillary Steinhart,Pieter C. F. Stokkers,Leif Törkvist,Gerd A. Kullak-Ublick,David C. Wilson,Thomas D. Walters,Stephan R. Targan,Steven R. Brant,John D. Rioux,Mauro D'Amato,Rinse K. Weersma,Subra Kugathasan,Anne M. Griffiths,John C. Mansfield,Severine Vermeire,Richard H. Duerr,Mark S. Silverberg,Jack Satsangi,Stefan Schreiber,Judy H. Cho,Vito Annese,Hakon Hakonarson,Mark J. Daly,Miles Parkes +97 more
TL;DR: A meta-analysis of six Crohn's disease genome-wide association studies and a series of in silico analyses highlighted particular genes within these loci implicated functionally interesting candidate genes including SMAD3, ERAP2, IL10, IL2RA, TYK2, FUT2, DNMT3A, DENND1B, BACH2 and TAGAP.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genetics and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease
TL;DR: Recent advances have provided substantial insight into the maintenance of mucosal immunity and the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, and the role of genetic predispositions and how they affect interactions with microbial and environmental factors is emphasized.
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