How Confucian are Contemporary Chinese? Construction of an Ideal Type and its Application to Three Chinese Communities
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors construct an ideal type of Confucian actors, which is then applied to a survey of three Chinese communities, trying to formulate a new perspective in depicting the character of modern Chinese actors, measured in terms of their dynamic proximity to the Confucians ideal type.
Abstract: As a major source of social values in East Asia, Confucianism assumes especial significance amidst the proliferation of instrumental rationality in modern societies. This study attempts to answer the question: how Confucian are contemporary Chinese? By way of constructing an ideal type of Confucian actors, which is then applied to a survey of three Chinese communities, this study tries to formulate a new perspective in depicting the character of modern Confucian actors, measured in terms of their dynamic proximity to the Confucian ideal type. Our approach marks a shift of emphasis, both empirically and methodologically, compared with previous work on this topic. On the empirical side, our study breaks with the long-standing, classical distinction between the 'gentleman' and the 'commoner' prevalent in Confucian discourse. Degrees of proximity to Confucian values are viewed in representational—i.e. non-evaluative—terms. In constructing the ideal type of Confucian actors, we distinguish between formal and substantive values in Confucianism. This analytical distinction allows our study to demonstrate the continued relevance of Confucianism. While substantive values change over time, the formal, analytical core that captures the essence of Confucianism continues to survive in the face of the vicissitudes of modernity and the spread of instrumental rationality.
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8 citations
Dissertation•
01 Dec 2018
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the impact of culture and ethnic minority status on the development from recreational gambling activity to problem gambling, and found that South Asians are at a higher risk of developing problem gambling (PG), whilst rates of gambling activity remain the same across the population.
Abstract: Background/Aims
In the United Kingdom (UK), South Asians (SAs) are at a higher risk of developing problem gambling (PG), whilst rates of gambling activity remain the same across the population. Similar findings across other minority groups in Western jurisdictions indicate that culture and ethnic minority status may play a role in the development from recreational gambling activity to PG. However, there is a dearth of research into SA men’s experience of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for PG in the UK and elsewhere. Existing research suggests that SA men with psychological difficulties under-utilise mental health services in the UK. Understanding the experiences of SA
problem gamblers who attend therapy could be integral in providing culturally appropriate interventions and adequate services where counselling psychologists work.
Design
Participants were seven second-generation SA men aged between 23 and 39 who had received individual and/or group CBT from a National Health Service (NHS) within the last year. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was applied to verbatim accounts of semi-structured interviews.
Results
Three superordinate themes were generated during analysis: ‘Experience of CBT’ (which refers to preconceptions of therapy, thoughts and challenges during therapy, issues of confidentiality); ‘Culture’ (which discusses stigma from the SA community, issues with identity and pressures from the family); ‘CBT Framework for gambling’ (which explores the learnings gained in therapy, addressing culture in therapy and advice for others).
Conclusion
Participants emphasised the issues that SA men can encounter in therapy for PG with regards to cultural factors. These included adhering to collectivist and British values, meeting family and community expectations whilst negotiating their identity, and in reconciling stigma towards gambling. It is therefore suggested that training facilities and practitioners should consider developing more directed interventions, such as individual therapy, to better address these clients’ cultural needs.
8 citations
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a project outline for the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) and the Ivy League (Ivy League).
Abstract: ....................................................................................................................................... xiv Chapter One: Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 Purpose ........................................................................................................................................ 2 Limitations .................................................................................................................................. 5 Significance ................................................................................................................................. 6 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Project Outline ............................................................................................................................. 8 Definition of Terms ................................................................................................................... 10 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) ............................................................... 10 Division I ............................................................................................................................... 10 Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) ......................................................................................... 11 Ivy League ............................................................................................................................. 11 Power Five Conference ......................................................................................................... 11 Non-Power Five Conferences ................................................................................................ 12 Renovation ............................................................................................................................. 12 Preservation ........................................................................................................................... 12 Reconstruction ....................................................................................................................... 13 Restoration ............................................................................................................................. 13 Rehabilitation ......................................................................................................................... 13 Temporary Facilities .............................................................................................................. 14 Permanent Facilities .............................................................................................................. 14 Stage One Facility ................................................................................................................. 14 Stage Two Facility ................................................................................................................. 14 Stage Three Facility ............................................................................................................... 15 Stage Four Facility ................................................................................................................. 15 Stage Five Facility ................................................................................................................. 15 Major Renovation .................................................................................................................. 16 Chapter Two: Understanding Innovation Diffusion ..................................................................... 17 Innovation .................................................................................................................................. 17
8 citations
Cites background from "How Confucian are Contemporary Chin..."
...Cheung et al. (2006) identified that such an ideal-type may reduce the affect of the values and orientations of the researcher(s)....
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...As an example, Cheung et al. (2006) argued that places and/or activities of social phenomenon are tied to the changes that proceed them and “a rigorous conceptual yardstick must be devised that can delineate in a more precise and unambiguous manner the essential constitution of that phenomenon in…...
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...Thus, “constructing an ideal-type enables us to cut through the complications and vicissitudes” that plagued history through the presentation of “conceptual baseline places” (Cheung et al., 2006, p. 160)....
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01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared three research models, namely a marketing model, a Confucian Consumption Behaviour Component (CCBC) model and a Hybrid Model, and found that the hybrid model (i.e., a combination of marketing variables and CCBC variables) has the highest explanatory power for consumers' wine brand category choice.
Abstract: Immigrants are an important demographic group who are increasingly targeted as consumers by the wine industry in Australia and other Western markets. These markets are often not homogenous as intra-national diversity has created a complex market place in many Western key markets. In this study, wine brand category choice for Chinese and South Korean consumers living in Australia was probed and contrasted with the choices of Caucasian consumers. Three purchase scenarios, namely self/household-consumption, social entertainment-use and gift giving were presented to 511 consumers through a shopping mall intercept using a paper-based questionnaire. Separate models were developed to distinguish preferences for Australian and French wine. Backward deletion regression analysis was used to arrive at the most parsimonious models. A comparison of three research models, namely a marketing model, a Confucian Consumption Behaviour Component (CCBC) model and a Hybrid Model were tested. We found that the hybrid model (i.e. a combination of marketing variables and CCBC variables) has the highest explanatory power for consumers’ wine brand category choice. Different ethnic groups have different wine brand category choice for different purchase scenarios. Our findings provide theoretical implications for ethic marketing research and brand category choice, and we also offer insights for wine makers to better position their products for all markets characterised by intra-national diversity.
6 citations
TL;DR: Different research traditions have long held that parental beliefs motivate children's performance as mentioned in this paper, however, regarding meritocratic beliefs, sociologists often argue that meritocratic narratives do not motivate children to perform well.
Abstract: Different research traditions have long held that parental beliefs motivate children’s performance. However, regarding meritocratic beliefs, sociologists often argue that meritocratic narratives le...
6 citations
Cites background from "How Confucian are Contemporary Chin..."
...In rural areas, filial piety, loyalty and self-sacrifice, and a general Confucian consciousness (Yang et al. 2006) still explain individual beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors....
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