How could we forget immunometabolism in SARS-CoV2 infection or COVID-19?
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Cites background from "How could we forget immunometabolis..."
...Interestingly, displacement of HK2 from mitochondria of dendritic cells was proposed to be involved in their death during SARS-CoV2 infection [47]....
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"How could we forget immunometabolis..." refers background in this paper
...The number of T effector memory cells (Tems), including CD8þ T memory cells, increase in severe COVID-19 patients as indicated by CD8þCD69þCD137þ T cells, which highly produce of IFN-c, contain preformed perforin granules for immediate cytotoxic action against invading pathogen and home efficiently to peripheral lymphoid tissues, including lungs [37, 41, 42]....
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"How could we forget immunometabolis..." refers background in this paper
...The severe COVID-19 patients show a decrease in the absolute number of T cells (along with CD4þ, CD8þ, and IFN-c expressing CD4þ T cells) in the circulation (Figure 2A) [38, 39]....
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...However, central memory T cells (Tcms, CD45RA–CCR7þ) remain unchanged as identified by phenotyping activated CD4þCD69þCD137þ T cells [30, 41] Both, moderate and severe COVID-19 patients show a decrease in CD4þCD25þCD127low and CDR5RATregs, which may suppress the exaggerated inflammatory damage via their immunoregulatory action in a specific antigen (Ag) manner (Figure 2A) [38, 43, 44]....
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...However, still higher serum levels of IL-2R (an indicator of increased T cell activation and exacerbated viral infection), IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-a are present in severe COVID-19 patients than mild or moderate cases [38, 69]....
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"How could we forget immunometabolis..." refers background in this paper
...This antiviral immune response can clear the SARS-CoV2 infection, but the virus inhibits the type 1 IFN generation through its nonstructural proteins (Nsp), including Nsp13 and Nsp15, which bind to TBK1 to prevent the IRF3 phosphorylation [9, 165]....
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