How do the general population behave with facemasks to prevent COVID-19 in the community? A multi-site observational study.
Colin Deschanvres,Thomas Haudebourg,Nathan Peiffer-Smadja,Karine Blanckaert,David Boutoille,Jean-Christophe Lucet,Gabriel Birgand +6 more
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In this article, a multi-site observational study was carried out from June to July 2020 in the west of France, where an observer was positioned at a predetermined place, facing a landmark, and all individual passing between the observer and the landmark were included.Abstract:
The appropriate use of facemasks, recommended or mandated by authorities, is critical to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the community. We aim to evaluate frequency and quality of facemask use in general populations. A multi-site observational study was carried out from June to July 2020 in the west of France. An observer was positioned at a predetermined place, facing a landmark, and all individual passing between the observer and the landmark were included. The observer collected information on facemask use (type, quality of positioning), location and demographic characteristics. A total of 3354 observations were recorded. A facemask was worn by 56.4% (n = 1892) of individuals, including surgical facemasks (56.8%, n = 1075) and cloth masks (43.2%, n = 817). The facemask was correctly positioned in 75.2% (n = 1422) of cases. The factors independently associated with wearing a facemask were being indoors (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.28–3.19), being in a mandatory area (aOR, 6.92; 95% CI 5–9.7), female gender (aOR, 1.75; 95% CI 1.54–2.04), age 41–65 years (aOR, 1.7; 95% CI 1.43–2.02) and age > 65 years (aOR, 2.28; 95% CI 1.83–2.85). The factors independently associated with correct mask position were rural location (aOR, 1.38; 95% CI 1.07–1.79), being in an indoor area (aOR, 1.85; 95% CI 1.49–2.3), use of clothmask (aOR, 1.53; 95% CI 1.23–1.91), and age > 40 years (aOR, 1.75 95%CI 1.37–2.23). During the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, the frequency and quality of facemask wearing remained low in the community setting. Young people in general, and men in particular, represent the priority targets for information campaigns. Simplifying the rules to require universal mandatory facemasking seemed to be the best approach for health authorities.read more
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A systematic review of observational methods used to quantify personal protective behaviours among members of the public during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the concordance between observational and self-report measures in infectious disease health protection
TL;DR: In this article , a systematic review and narrative synthesis of observational studies was conducted to assess the quantity and quality of studies using an observational measure of behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to narratively describe the association between self-report and observational data for behaviours relevant to controlling an infectious disease outbreak.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prevalence and predictors of mask use on a large US university campus during the COVID-19 pandemic: A brief report
TL;DR: In this paper , the prevalence and correlates of wearing masks at a large Midwestern US university during the COVID-19 pandemic were found to be 90.6% (95% confidence interval: 89.9, 91.2).
Journal ArticleDOI
Methods to Evaluate COVID-19 Preventive Hygiene Programs: Observed Mask Wearing, Handwashing, and Physical Distancing Behaviors in Public Indoor Spaces in Democratic Republic of the Congo
Christine Marie George,Kelly Endres,Presence Sanvura,Camille Elaine Williams,Raissa Boroto,Claude Lunyelunye,J. Bisimwa,Jessy Timsifu,Brigitte Munyerenkana,Justin Bengehya,G. Maheshe,Alain Mwishingo,Cirhuza Cikomola,Lucien Bisimwa +13 more
TL;DR: This study presents rigorous methods using structured observations to assess government mandates and programs on COVID-19 preventive hygiene behaviors in indoor public spaces in settings globally.
Journal ArticleDOI
Social representations of mask wearing in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic
Elvire Bornand,Colin Deschanvres,David Boutoille,Jean-Christophe Lucet,D. Lepelletier,Brice Leclère,Séverine Mayol,Nathan Peiffer-Smadja,Gabriel Birgand +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper , a qualitative study assessed the perceptions, representations and practices of mask wearing in the general population and found that mask-wearing decisions were driven by social relations, common sense, and vulnerability.
Journal ArticleDOI
High rates of observed face mask use at Colorado universities align with students’ opinions about masking and support the safety and viability of in-person higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic
Kevin C. Clark,Maximilian J. Bailey,Stefan Wasshuber,Raissa Huntley,Kristen K. Bjorkman,Leisha Conners Bauer,Camille L Paige,Sara L. Sawyer,Michaila Czarnik,Margaret A. Riggs,Margaret J. Gutilla,Tanya L. Alderete +11 more
TL;DR: The Mask Adherence and Surveillance at Colleges and Universities Project (MASCUP!) at the University of Colorado at Boulder and Colorado State University Fort Collins as discussed by the authors found that 91.7%, 93.4%, and 90.8% of persons observed at indoor locations on campus wore a mask correctly at CU, CSU, and across the 52 other schools, respectively.
References
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Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Derek K. Chu,Elie A. Akl,Elie A. Akl,Stephanie Duda,Karla Solo,Sally Yaacoub,Holger J. Schünemann,Holger J. Schünemann,Amena El-Harakeh,Antonio Bognanni,Tamara Lotfi,Mark Loeb,Anisa Hajizadeh,Anna Bak,Ariel Izcovich,Carlos A. Cuello-Garcia,Chen Chen,David Harris,Ewa Borowiack,Fatimah Chamseddine,Finn Schünemann,Gian Paolo Morgano,Giovanna E.U. Muti Schünemann,Guang Chen,Hong Zhao,Ignacio Neumann,Jeffrey Chan,Joanne Khabsa,Layal Hneiny,Leila Harrison,Maureen A. Smith,Nesrine Rizk,Paolo Giorgi Rossi,Pierre AbiHanna,Rayane El-Khoury,Rosa Stalteri,Tejan Baldeh,Thomas Piggott,Yuan Zhang,Zahra Saad,Assem M. Khamis,Marge Reinap +41 more
TL;DR: The optimum distance for avoiding person-to-person virus transmission is investigated and the use of face masks and eye protection to prevent transmission of viruses is assessed to investigate the effects of physical distance, face masks, and eye Protection on virus transmission in health-care and non-health-care settings.
Journal ArticleDOI
Face coverings for covid-19: from medical intervention to social practice.
TL;DR: It is argued that face coverings should be considered not as medical equipment but as a social practice informed by norms and expectations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Temporal rise in the proportion of younger adults and older adolescents among coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases following the introduction of physical distancing measures, Germany, March to April 2020.
Edward Goldstein,Marc Lipsitch +1 more
TL;DR: Using data on coronavirus disease cases in Germany from the Robert Koch Institute, a relative increase with time in the prevalence in 15–34 year-olds (particularly 20–24-year-olds) is found, suggesting an elevated role for that age group in propagating the epidemic following the introduction of physical distancing measures.
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