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Journal ArticleDOI

How do you feel? Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body.

01 Aug 2002-Nature Reviews Neuroscience (Nature Publishing Group)-Vol. 3, Iss: 8, pp 655-666
TL;DR: Functional anatomical work has detailed an afferent neural system in primates and in humans that represents all aspects of the physiological condition of the physical body that might provide a foundation for subjective feelings, emotion and self-awareness.
Abstract: As humans, we perceive feelings from our bodies that relate our state of well-being, our energy and stress levels, our mood and disposition. How do we have these feelings? What neural processes do they represent? Recent functional anatomical work has detailed an afferent neural system in primates and in humans that represents all aspects of the physiological condition of the physical body. This system constitutes a representation of 'the material me', and might provide a foundation for subjective feelings, emotion and self-awareness.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two distinct networks typically coactivated during functional MRI tasks are identified, anchored by dorsal anterior cingulate and orbital frontoinsular cortices with robust connectivity to subcortical and limbic structures, and an “executive-control network” that links dorsolateral frontal and parietal neocortices.
Abstract: Variations in neural circuitry, inherited or acquired, may underlie important individual differences in thought, feeling, and action patterns. Here, we used task-free connectivity analyses to isolate and characterize two distinct networks typically coactivated during functional MRI tasks. We identified a "salience network," anchored by dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) and orbital frontoinsular cortices with robust connectivity to subcortical and limbic structures, and an "executive-control network" that links dorsolateral frontal and parietal neocortices. These intrinsic connectivity networks showed dissociable correlations with functions measured outside the scanner. Prescan anxiety ratings correlated with intrinsic functional connectivity of the dACC node of the salience network, but with no region in the executive-control network, whereas executive task performance correlated with lateral parietal nodes of the executive-control network, but with no region in the salience network. Our findings suggest that task-free analysis of intrinsic connectivity networks may help elucidate the neural architectures that support fundamental aspects of human behavior.

6,049 citations


Cites background or methods from "How do you feel? Interoception: the..."

  • ...…the emotional dimensions of pain (Peyron et al., 2000), empathy for pain (Singer et al., 2004b), metabolic stress, hunger, or pleasurable touch (Craig, 2002), enjoyable “chills” to music (Blood and Zatorre, 2001), faces of loved ones (Bartels and Zeki, 2004) or allies (Singer et al., 2004a),…...

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  • ...It is built around paralimbic structures, most prominently the dACC and orbital frontoinsula, that underlie interoceptiveautonomic processing (Mesulam, 1998; Damasio, 1999; Craig, 2002; Critchley, 2005)....

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  • ..., 2004b), metabolic stress, hunger, or pleasurable touch (Craig, 2002), enjoyable “chills” to music (Blood and Zatorre, 2001), faces of loved ones (Bartels and Zeki, 2004) or allies (Singer et al....

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  • ...…in processing errors and conflict (Menon et al., 2001; Kerns et al., 2004; Ridderinkhof et al., 2004a), and another suggesting that the dACC and FI are specialized modules for sympathetic efference and interoceptive feedback (Critchley et al., 2000, 2004; Craig, 2002; Saper, 2002; Critchley, 2005)....

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  • ...The first ROI was centered on the right FI (caudal area 47/12 into the anterior insula), chosen for its purported roles in interoceptive and autonomic processing (Craig, 2002; Critchley, 2005)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In response to a peripheral infection, innate immune cells produce pro-inflammatory cytokines that act on the brain to cause sickness behaviour, which can lead to an exacerbation of sickness and the development of symptoms of depression in vulnerable individuals.
Abstract: In response to a peripheral infection, innate immune cells produce pro-inflammatory cytokines that act on the brain to cause sickness behaviour. When activation of the peripheral immune system continues unabated, such as during systemic infections, cancer or autoimmune diseases, the ensuing immune signalling to the brain can lead to an exacerbation of sickness and the development of symptoms of depression in vulnerable individuals. These phenomena might account for the increased prevalence of clinical depression in physically ill people. Inflammation is therefore an important biological event that might increase the risk of major depressive episodes, much like the more traditional psychosocial factors.

5,665 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: New findings suggest a fundamental role for the AIC (and the von Economo neurons it contains) in awareness, and thus it needs to be considered as a potential neural correlate of consciousness.
Abstract: The anterior insular cortex (AIC) is implicated in a wide range of conditions and behaviours, from bowel distension and orgasm, to cigarette craving and maternal love, to decision making and sudden insight. Its function in the re-representation of interoception offers one possible basis for its involvement in all subjective feelings. New findings suggest a fundamental role for the AIC (and the von Economo neurons it contains) in awareness, and thus it needs to be considered as a potential neural correlate of consciousness.

5,279 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that this framework provides a parsimonious account of insula function in neurotypical adults, and may provide novel insights into the neural basis of disorders of affective and social cognition.
Abstract: The insula is a brain structure implicated in disparate cognitive, affective, and regulatory functions, including interoceptive awareness, emotional responses, and empathic processes. While classically considered a limbic region, recent evidence from network analysis suggests a critical role for the insula, particularly the anterior division, in high-level cognitive control and attentional processes. The crucial insight and view we present here is of the anterior insula as an integral hub in mediating dynamic interactions between other large-scale brain networks involved in externally oriented attention and internally oriented or self-related cognition. The model we present postulates that the insula is sensitive to salient events, and that its core function is to mark such events for additional processing and initiate appropriate control signals. The anterior insula and the anterior cingulate cortex form a “salience network” that functions to segregate the most relevant among internal and extrapersonal stimuli in order to guide behavior. Within the framework of our network model, the disparate functions ascribed to the insula can be conceptualized by a few basic mechanisms: (1) bottom–up detection of salient events, (2) switching between other large-scale networks to facilitate access to attention and working memory resources when a salient event is detected, (3) interaction of the anterior and posterior insula to modulate autonomic reactivity to salient stimuli, and (4) strong functional coupling with the anterior cingulate cortex that facilitates rapid access to the motor system. In this manner, with the insula as its integral hub, the salience network assists target brain regions in the generation of appropriate behavioral responses to salient stimuli. We suggest that this framework provides a parsimonious account of insula function in neurotypical adults, and may provide novel insights into the neural basis of disorders of affective and social cognition.

4,322 citations


Cites background from "How do you feel? Interoception: the..."

  • ...Specifically, their research has identified ascending pathways from the spinal cord, which target the insula and ACC, a ‘‘homeostatic afferent pathway’’ (Craig 2002, 2003)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work reviews the emerging literature that relates social cognition to the medial frontal cortex and proposes a theoretical model of medial frontal cortical function relevant to different aspects of social cognitive processing.
Abstract: Social interaction is a cornerstone of human life, yet the neural mechanisms underlying social cognition are poorly understood. Recently, research that integrates approaches from neuroscience and social psychology has begun to shed light on these processes, and converging evidence from neuroimaging studies suggests a unique role for the medial frontal cortex. We review the emerging literature that relates social cognition to the medial frontal cortex and, on the basis of anatomical and functional characteristics of this brain region, propose a theoretical model of medial frontal cortical function relevant to different aspects of social cognitive processing.

3,426 citations

References
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Book
01 Jan 1890
TL;DR: For instance, the authors discusses the multiplicity of the consciousness of self in the form of the stream of thought and the perception of space in the human brain, which is the basis for our work.
Abstract: Arguably the greatest single work in the history of psychology. James's analyses of habit, the nature of emotion, the phenomenology of attention, the stream of thought, the perception of space, and the multiplicity of the consciousness of self are still widely cited and incorporated into contemporary theoretical accounts of these phenomena.

14,049 citations

Book
01 Jan 1994
TL;DR: The authors argued that rational decisions are not the product of logic alone - they require the support of emotion and feeling, drawing on his experience with neurological patients affected with brain damage, Dr Damasio showed how absence of emotions and feelings can break down rationality.
Abstract: Descartes' Error offers the scientific basis for ending the division between mind and body. Antonio Damasio contends that rational decisions are not the product of logic alone - they require the support of emotion and feeling. Drawing on his experience with neurological patients affected with brain damage, Dr Damasio shows how absence of emotions and feelings can break down rationality. He also offers a new perspective on what emotions and feelings actually are: a direct view of our own body states; a link between the body and its survival-oriented regulation on the one hand, and consciousness on the other. Written as a conversation between the author and an imaginary listener, Descartes' Error leads us to conclude that human organisms are endowed from their very beginning with a spirited passion for making choices, which the social mind can then use to build rational behaviour.

9,648 citations


"How do you feel? Interoception: the..." refers result in this paper

  • ...In particular, these data are consistent with the neurological hypothesis, based on analyses of clinical cases and imaging data, that the right (non-dominant) anterior insula is integral for the generation of the mental image of one's physical state, which underlies basic emotional states and is required for the motivation to make rational decisions that affect survival and quality of life — the essence of the 'somatic marker' hypothesis of consciousnes...

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Book
01 Jan 2010

8,181 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
19 Nov 1965-Science

7,479 citations

Book
01 Jan 1906
TL;DR: In this article, the Integrative Action of the Nervous System [1906] Charles S. Sherrington, W.B. Hadden, and W.A. Baly have been discussed.
Abstract: Volume 1. Introduction Nick Wade Containing the Nervous System [1803] Idea of a New Anatomy of the Brain [1811], both by Charles Bell Volume 2. Dr F.J. Gall's System of the Functions of the Brain, extracted from C.A. Blode's account of Dr Gall's lectures, held on the above [sic] subject at Dresden [1807] Carl August Blode Phrenology Examined [1846] Pierre Flourens Volumes 3. and 4. Elements of Physiology [1840, 1843] Johannes Mueller, translated by W. Baly Volume 5. Mind and Body. The Theories of their Relation [1873] Alexander Bain Volume 6. Lectures on the Localization of Cerebral and Spinal Diseases [1883] Jean Martin Charcot, translated by W.B. Hadden Volume 7. The Functions of the Brain [2nd ed. 1886] David Ferrier Volume 8. The Integrative Action of the Nervous System [1906] Charles S. Sherrington

3,771 citations

Trending Questions (1)
How Do You Feel when You Can’t Feel Your Body? Interoception, Functional Connectivity and Emotional Processing in Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder?

The provided text does not contain information specifically about how one feels when they can't feel their body in the context of depersonalization-derealization disorder.