How does foreign direct investment affect economic growth
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of FDI on economic growth in a cross-country regression framework was investigated. And they found that FDI contributes to economic growth only when a sufficient absorptive capability of the advanced technologies is available in the host economy.
About: This article is published in Journal of International Economics.The article was published on 1998-06-01 and is currently open access. It has received 4268 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Foreign direct investment & Productivity.
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TL;DR: This article developed an index of globalization covering its three main dimensions: economic integration, social integration, and political integration, using panel data for 123 countries in 1970-2000 and analyzed empirically whether the overall index and sub-indexes constructed to measure the single dimensions affect economic growth.
Abstract: The study develops an index of globalization covering its three main dimensions: economic integration, social integration, and political integration. Using panel data for 123 countries in 1970–2000 it is analysed empirically whether the overall index of globalization as well as sub-indexes constructed to measure the single dimensions affect economic growth. As the results show, globalization indeed promotes growth. The dimensions most robustly related with growth refer to actual economic flows and restrictions in developed countries. Although less robustly, information flows also promote growth whereas political integration has no effect.
2,208 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the various links among foreign direct investment (FDI), financial markets, and economic growth, and explore whether countries with better financial systems can exploit FDI more efficiently.
1,747 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive evaluation of the empirical evidence on productivity, wages and exports spillovers in developing, developed and transitional economies is presented. But, although theory can identify a range of possible spillover channels, robust empirical support for positive spillovers is hard to find.
Abstract: Many governments offer significant inducements to attract inward investment, motivated by the expectation of spillover benefits. This paper begins by reviewing possible sources of spillovers. It then provides a comprehensive evaluation of the empirical evidence on productivity, wages and exports spillovers in developing, developed and transitional economies. Although theory can identify a range of possible spillover channels, robust empirical support for positive spillovers is hard to find. The reasons for this are explored and the paper concludes with a review of policy aspects.
1,508 citations
TL;DR: This article examined the relationship between foreign aid and growth in real GDP per capita as it emerges from simple augmentations of popular cross-country growth specifications and found that aid in all likelihood increases the growth rate, and this result is not conditional on good policy.
1,373 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate the empirical evidence on productivity, wage, and export spillovers in developing, developed, and transition economies and conclude that robust empirical support for positive spillovers is at best mixed.
Abstract: Governments the world over offer significant inducements to attract investment, motivated by the expectation of spillover benefits to augment the primary benefits of a boost to national income from new investment. There are several possible sources of induced spillovers from foreign direct investment. This article evaluates the empirical evidence on productivity, wage, and export spillovers in developing, developed, and transition economies. Although theory can identify a range of possible spillover channels, robust empirical support for positive spillovers is at best mixed. The article explores the reasons and concludes with a review of policy aspects.
1,367 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the stock of human capital determines the rate of growth, that too little human capital is devoted to research in equilibrium, that integration into world markets will increase growth rates, and that having a large population is not sufficient to generate growth.
Abstract: Growth in this model is driven by technological change that arises from intentional investment decisions made by profit-maximizing agents. The distinguishing feature of the technology as an input is that it is neither a conventional good nor a public good; it is a nonrival, partially excludable good. Because of the nonconvexity introduced by a nonrival good, price-taking competition cannot be supported. Instead, the equilibrium is one with monopolistic competition. The main conclusions are that the stock of human capital determines the rate of growth, that too little human capital is devoted to research in equilibrium, that integration into world markets will increase growth rates, and that having a large population is not sufficient to generate growth.
12,469 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined a cross-section of about 80 countries for the period 1960-89 and found that various measures of financial development are strongly associated with both current and later rates of economic growth.
Abstract: Joseph Schumpeter argued in 1911 that the services provided by financial intermediaries - mobilizing savings, evaluating projects, managing risk, monitoring managers, and facilitating transactions -stimulate technological innovation and economic development. The authors present evidence that supports this view. Examining a cross-section of about 80 countries for the period 1960-89, they find that various measures of financial development are strongly associated with both current and later rates of economic growth. Each measure has shortcomings but all tell the same story: finance matters. They present three main findings, which are robust to many specification tests: The average level of financial development for 1960-89 is very strongly associated with growth for the period. Financial development precedes growth. For example, financial depth in 1960 (the ratio of broad money to GDP) is positively and significantly related to real per capita GDP growth over the next 30 years even after controlling for a variety of country-specific characteristics and policy indicators. Financial development is positively associated with both investment rate and the efficiency with which economies use capital. Much work remains to be done, but the data are consistent with Schumpeter's view that the services provided by financial intermediaries stimulate long-run growth.
8,204 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1991
TL;DR: Grossman and Helpman as discussed by the authors developed a unique approach in which innovation is viewed as a deliberate outgrowth of investments in industrial research by forward-looking, profit-seeking agents.
Abstract: Traditional growth theory emphasizes the incentives for capital accumulation rather than technological progress. Innovation is treated as an exogenous process or a by-product of investment in machinery and equipment. Grossman and Helpman develop a unique approach in which innovation is viewed as a deliberate outgrowth of investments in industrial research by forward-looking, profit-seeking agents.
6,911 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: The authors examined whether the conclusions from existing studies are robust or fragile to small changes in the conditioning information set and found a positive, robust correlation between growth and the share of investment in GDP and between investment share and the ratio of international trade to GDP.
Abstract: A vast literature uses cross-country regressions to search for empirical linkages between long-run growth rates and a variety of economic policy, political, and institutional indicators. This paper examines whether the conclusions from existing studies are robust or fragile to small changes in the conditioning information set. The authors find that almost all results are fragile. They do, however, identify a positive, robust correlation between growth and the share of investment in GDP and between the investment share and the ratio of international trade to GDP. The authors clarify the conditions under which there is evidence of per capita output convergence.
5,263 citations
TL;DR: The authors compared more direct measures of the institutional environment with both the instability proxies used by Barro (1991) and the Gastil indices, by comparing their effects both on growth and private investment.
Abstract: This paper compares more direct measures of the institutional environment with both the instability proxies used by Barro (1991) and the Gastil indices, by comparing their effects both on growth and private investment. The results provide substantial support for the position that the institutional roots of growth and convergence are significant. The marked improvement that these new variables represent over existing proxies also suggests that there are substantial returns to future research into variables that reflect the security of property rights and the efficiency with which states determine economic policies and allocate public goods.
4,981 citations